Psychiatric Disorders in Persons with Down Syndrome

Myers, Beverly A.; Pueschel, Siegfried M.

doi:10.1097/00005053-199110000-00004

Cited by 222 publications

(168 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with the findings in children with DS, in whom anxiety is not a prominent feature, although it may occur more in younger children (Myers and Pueschel, 1991) or children who are less severely cognitively impaired (La Malfa et al, 1997). The hole-board test of exploratory behavior did not show differences between the two groups at baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Harm Avoidance, Anxiety, and Response to Novelty in the Adolescent S-100β Transgenic Mouse: Role of Serotonin and Relevance to Down Syndrome

Bell

Shokrian

Potenzieri

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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S-100b is an astroglial-derived protein, which plays a role in brain development and maintenance, and is known to play a specific role in the regulation of growth of the serotonergic neuronal system. In humans, the gene for S-100b is found on chromosome 21, within the region that is considered important for the phenotype of Down syndrome (DS). Thus, we have been studying a model of DS, the S-100b transgenic mouse. In the current study, we have examined anxiety and responses to novelty in adolescent (60-90 days) animals, at a time when we have shown the animals to be relatively lacking in serotonin innervation, compared to their CD-1 nontransgenic controls. In a test for approach/avoidance, the light/dark test, the S-100b transgenic mice animals showed no differences from control CD-1 mice. However, in the hole-board test for exploratory behavior, the S-100b animals were found to be less responsive to the inhibiting effects of the serotonin receptor 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone. Three tests were used to measure response to novelty. In the open field, the S100b animals showed greater activity longer than the control animals, and in the Y-maze test, the S-100b animals spent more time in the novel arm. In a test for novelty-induced gnawing, the S-100b animals were also more active than control animals. All of these suggest that the S-100b transgenic mice are slower to habituate to novelty than control animals. Finally, we tested the animals in a new procedure that we are proposing as a test for harm avoidance. In this apparatus, the S-100b animals showed more approaches to a novel and potentially harmful object than the control mice did. These results are discussed in reference to the known lack of serotonin in the animals, and to the behavioral phenotype of DS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Harm Avoidance, Anxiety, and Response to Novelty in the Adolescent S-100β Transgenic Mouse: Role of Serotonin and Relevance to Down Syndrome

Bell

Shokrian

Potenzieri

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…The prevalence rate (64.7%) was far higher than the 3 -7% prevalence rate for the general population (APA 2000). Myers and Pueschel (1991) reported a prevalence rate (6.1%) similar to that for the general population for a sample of children and adolescents with Down syndrome, using psychiatric and psychological evaluations. Studies of other syndromes or mixed-etiology samples have consistently reported much higher rates.…”

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The prevalence rates in all three studies are much higher than those previously reported for individuals with MR of other etiologies. For example, using the ICD-10 criteria, Cooper (1997) found specific phobias in only 6.8% of their sample of adults with MR. Myers and Pueschel (1991) reported phobias in only 1.5% of their sample of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Dekker and Koot (2003) reported 17.5% prevalence in their sample of children with mild to moderate MR. Emerson (2005) reported specific phobia in 1.9% of children with DD.…”

Section: Specific Phobiamentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 4 to 16‐year‐olds with Williams syndrome

Leyfer

Woodruff-Borden

Klein-Tasman

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

270

256

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The prevalence of a range of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in a sample of 119 4 -16-year-old children with Williams syndrome (WS) was assessed using a structured diagnostic interview with their parents. Most children (80.7%) met criterion for at least one DSM-IV diagnosis. The most prevalent diagnoses were attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 64.7%) and specific phobia (53.8%). There was a significant shift in predominant type of ADHD as a function of CA, from Combined for the youngest group (ages 4 -6 years) to Inattentive for the oldest group (ages 11 -16 years). The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) increased significantly with age. These findings are another step toward defining the behavioral phenotype of WS.

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“…The epidemiology of other psychiatric disorders in adults with Down's syndrome also appears to differ from that in adults with learning disabilities of other causes (Myers & Pueschel, 1991;Collacott et al, 1992;Prasher,1995).Dementia and depressive episodes appear to occur more commonly in adults with Down's syndrome, whereas behaviour disorders and schizophrenia appear to be less common. Some attempts have been made to explain the differential rates of affective disorders on the basis of the relative serotonin deficiency which is found in people with Down's syndrome (Cooper &Collacott, 1993).It is unclear at this stage how the profile of psychiatric disorders among people with Down's syndrome will affect overall prevalence rates for the whole population of people with learning disabilities as the population continues to age.…”

Section: Adults With Down's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%