Psychiatric Illness in General Practice: A Detailed Study Using a New Method of Case Identification

Goldberg, David; Blackwell, Barry

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5707.439

Cited by 965 publications

(533 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…3,6,29,30 Scores for individual items were coded as absent or present (0 or 1) and then summed up, and total scores of 3 or higher (out of 12) were classified as CMD cases. The Brazilian version of GHQ-12, 3,6,30 at the cutoff point of 2/3, showed sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 71%, and, at the cutoff point of 4/5, for a population with no more than four years of schooling, showed sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 82%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common mental disorders in Petrópolis-RJ: a challenge to integrate mental health into primary care strategies

Fortes

Lopes

Villano

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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OBJECTIVE: Common mental disorders are present in more than 50% of patients attending primary care clinics. The main objectives of this study were to detect whether there is any special group of patients within the Family Health Strategy that should be considered to be in greater risk for common mental disorders and to recommend alternative interventions to aid these patients. METHOD: In 2002, a cross-sectional study on common mental disorders seen at Family Health Strategy centers was conducted in Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS: Common mental disorders were associated with women (OR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.82-4.32), younger than 45 years of age (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.02-2.01), with a monthly per capita family income of less than US$40.00 (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.20-2.39), and without a partner (OR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.22-2.39). Illiteracy was associated with common mental disorders among patients who were not extremely poor. Social support networks such as going often to church (OR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.43-0.89); participating in artistic and sporting activities (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.26-0.70) and having at least four trusted relatives or friends (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.91) was inversely associated with common mental disorders. DISCUSSION: Poor women with little social support represent a special group at risk for common mental disorders in the primary care setting. Some countries have developed special interventions to treat patients with common mental disorders in primary care. CONCLUSION: Mental health care programs could include evidence-based psychosocial interventions to assist women in overcoming the vicious circle of poverty and dealing with their mental disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common mental disorders in Petrópolis-RJ: a challenge to integrate mental health into primary care strategies

Fortes

Lopes

Villano

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…This questionnaire is a well established standardized screening tool 28 and was validated in its Brazilian version 29 having the Clinical Interview Schedule as the gold standard. The cut-off point used to characterize the patients as having CMD was 3 positive answers out of 12 (referred to as GHQ3 from now on).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosological profile and prevalence of common mental disorders of patients seen at the Family Health Program (FHP) units in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro

Fortes

Villano

Lopes

2007

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to detect the prevalence of common mental disorders among patients seen by doctors at family health program units in Petrópolis-RJ, and to establish their nosological profile. METHOD: The population of the study included all 18 to 65-year-old patient who attended any family health program units included in the study during a 30-day period, between August and December 2002 (n = 714). The prevalence of common mental disorders was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, 12 item version. In order to establish the nosological profile, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to all common mental disorders positive patients who accepted to return (n = 215). RESULTS: At the cut-off point of 2/3 the common mental disorders prevalence was 56% and for 4/5, it was 33%. The most frequent nosological categories found among common mental disorders positive patients were depression and anxiety categories along with posttraumatic stress disorder, somatoform pain disorder and dissociative disorders. There was a high frequency of comorbidity, especially between anxiety, depression, somatoform and dissociative disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The common mental disorders prevalence and the nosological profile found in FHP were similar to those of other primary care studies in Brazil, but some disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder, somatoform pain disorder and dissociative disorders) that had not been previously studied in this context were also very frequent. The high common mental disorders prevalence found reinforces the urgent need for systematic inclusion of this level of care in mental health assistance planning.

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“…(21,22) that has been favorably tested for reliability and validity (23). For each of the 12 questions, responses are measured on a Likert scale and can score anything from 0 to 3 (not at all, no more than usual, rather more than usual, much more than usual).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long shadow cast by childhood physical and mental problems on adult life

Goodman

Joyce²,

Smith³

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

372

297

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In this article we assess and compare long-term adult socioeconomic status impacts from having experienced psychological and physical health problems in childhood. To do so, we use unique prospective data from the British National Child Development Study, a continuing panel study of a cohort of 17,634 children born in Great Britain during a single week in March 1958. To date there have been nine waves for this birth cohort to monitor their physical, educational, and social development, during childhood (at birth and 7, 11, and 16 y) and adulthood (age 23, 33, 42, 46, and 50 y). Excellent contemporaneous information exists throughout childhood on physical and psychological health, captured by doctor and nurse-led medical examinations and detailed parental and teacher questionnaires. This information is combined with a wealth of contemporaneous information on adult health and economic experiences collected from cohort members. Information includes their economic circumstances (earnings, labor supply, and other sources of family income), physical and psychological health, and relationship status. Large effects are found due to childhood psychological problems on the ability of affected children to work and earn as adults and on intergenerational and withingeneration social mobility. Adult family incomes are reduced by 28% by age 50 y, with sustained impacts on labor supply, marriage stability, and the conscientiousness and agreeableness components of the "Big Five" personality traits. Effects of psychological health disorders during childhood are far more important over a lifetime than physical health problems.U sing prospectively collected data beginning during the week of birth, repeated at three additional ages in childhood and adolescence, and extended into adulthood to age 50 y, this study investigates long-term adult impacts of having experienced psychological and physical health problems during childhood. Stimulated by the work of Barker (1), recent research has established evidence of a strong link between various aspects of poor physical health during childhood (and even in utero) and adult health (2-7) and economic outcomes later during adulthood (8, 9). Much less studied have been long-term health and socioeconomic (SES) consequences of psychological conditions experienced during childhood (10, 11). This is even more surprising given the substantial rise in psychological disorders affecting young people in the United Kingdom in the past 25 y (12, 13).Recently, Smith and Smith (14) used retrospective questions in the American Panel Study of Income Dynamics to find that impacts of childhood psychological problems on adult SES are large-a lifetime cost in lost family income of approximately $300,000 and total lifetime economic cost for all those affected of $2.1 trillion. An advantage of that study is that it compared siblings, so it was able to control for unobserved family and neighborhood effects, which were found not to be critical for this question. A disadvantage of that research is that it relied on...

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Psychiatric Illness in General Practice: A Detailed Study Using a New Method of Case Identification

Cited by 965 publications

References 7 publications

Common mental disorders in Petrópolis-RJ: a challenge to integrate mental health into primary care strategies

Common mental disorders in Petrópolis-RJ: a challenge to integrate mental health into primary care strategies

Nosological profile and prevalence of common mental disorders of patients seen at the Family Health Program (FHP) units in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro

The long shadow cast by childhood physical and mental problems on adult life

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