Psychiatric symptoms and disorders among Yazidi children and adolescents immediately after forced migration following ISIS attacks

Çeri, Veysi; Özlü-Erkilic, Zeliha; Özer, Ürün; Yalçın, Murat; Popow, Christian; Akkaya-Kalayci, Türkan

doi:10.1007/s40211-016-0195-9

Cited by 80 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Stressful events in early childhood increases the risk for enuresis . In a recent study on children fleeing from war, it was found that (only) 18% had enuresis …”

Section: Psychiatry and Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of enuresis: Towards a new understanding

Nevéus

2017

Int J of Urology

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Abbreviations & Acronyms ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder CNS = central nervous system LC = locus coeruleus PAG = periaqueductal gray area PMC = pontine micturition center Abstract: Enuresis was historically viewed as a primarily psychiatric disorder, but this understanding has changed dramatically since the end of the last century, when it became clear that somatic factors, such as nocturnal polyuria as a result of vasopressin deficiency, nocturnal detrusor overactivity and high arousal thresholds, all play a crucial role in enuresis pathogenesis. It has also become clear that enuresis is inherited in the majority of cases, although the correlation between genotype and enuretic phenotype is not straightforward. The standard view of enuresis as being the result of either (i) nocturnal polyuria and high arousal thresholds; or (ii) nocturnal detrusor overactivity and high arousal thresholds has become well-established, but further research now complicates the picture. First, psychological/psychiatric problems are overrepresented in enuresis, and might in a minority of cases have a causal or aggravating role. Second, nocturnal polyuria is not always linked to vasopressin deficiency. Third, nocturnal detrusor overactivity is in itself pathogenetically heterogeneous, and could be linked to constipation. Fourth, the sleep of enuretic children might be "deep," but possibly also disturbed (by obstructed airways or a distended or contracting bladder). These children might have high arousal thresholds because of the enuresis instead of the other way around. The same might possibly be said about nocturnal polyuria. Taking these new insights into account, a new model of enuresis pathogenesis is presented, which is more complicated but hopefully also more true than the standard consensus.

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“…Stressful events in early childhood increases the risk for enuresis . In a recent study on children fleeing from war, it was found that (only) 18% had enuresis …”

Section: Psychiatry and Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of enuresis: Towards a new understanding

Nevéus

2017

Int J of Urology

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“…The prevalence of PTSD and posttraumatic symptoms are much higher than amongst nonrefugee same age peers. Children and adolescents in LMIC, including those in refugee camps have also been investigated mainly with questionnaire methods, and have also been found to have high levels of posttraumatic symptoms, with 20% or more, at high risk of PTSD (Betancourt et al., ; Ceri et al., ; Eruyar, Maltby, & Vostanis, ; Panter‐Brick, Grimon, & Eggerman, ). This is in keeping with the large global study of 81,866 adult refugees and other conflict‐affected persons, which found an unadjusted weighted prevalence rate for PTSD of 30.6% (95% CI, 26.3%–35.2%) and for depression 30.8% (95% CI, 26.3%–35.6%) (Steel et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practitioner Review: Mental health problems of refugee children and adolescents and their management

Hodes

Vostanis

2018

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Since 2010, the numbers of refugees have increased and around half are under 18 years of age. It is known that experience of organised violence, displacement and resettlement increases the risk for psychiatric disorders and psychosocial impairment. This review integrates recent research into the risk and protective factors for psychopathology with service and treatment issues. Methods: We draw on and critically evaluate key systematic reviews in the selected areas, innovative robust studies and relevant government reports. Results: Many refugee children show resilience and function well, even in the face of substantial adversities. The most robust findings for psychopathology are that PTSD, and posttraumatic and depressive symptoms are found at higher prevalence in those who have been exposed to war experiences. Their severity may decrease over time with resettlement, but PTSD in the most exposed may show higher continuity. More severe psychiatric disorders including psychosis may also occur. Service delivery needs to take into account socioeconomic and cultural influences but, given the high level of unmet need even in high-income countries, stepped care delivery is required. The evaluation of psychological interventions, often delivered in group settings, suggests that they can be effective for many distressed children; however, for the more impaired, a greater range of disorder-specific therapies will be required. Conclusions: Child and adolescent mental health clinicians and service providers need to be aware of the specific needs of this population and systems for service delivery. There are significant knowledge gaps in understanding risk and vulnerability, service delivery and treatment effectiveness.

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“…All children with PTSD had witnessed either a gunfight or a bombing at their former home countries, and 76.7% of this group witnessed relatives or friends getting injured during war or migration. A high rate of psychiatric disorders was also found in the study of Yazidi refugee children [4]. Other reports describe clinical service and training initiatives [5,6].…”

Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 70%

Refugees in Europe: national overviews from key countries with a special focus on child and adolescent mental health

Hodes

Vasquez²,

Anagnostopoulos

et al. 2017

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Many European countries are becoming multicultural at a previously unseen rate. The number of immigrants including refugees has considerably increased since 2008, and especially after the beginning of the war in Syria. In 2015, 88,300 unaccompanied minors sought asylum in the Member States of the European Union (EU) and most came from Syria, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Somalia and Eritrea. As a reaction to increased immigration, governments in many countries including Germany, Sweden and Norway implemented more restrictive immigration policy. A requirement for all countries, however, is the protection and welfare provision for all arriving children, regardless of their nationality, ensured by international and national legal frameworks. This paper provides an overview of the post 2015 immigration crisis in key European countries with a special focus on current demographics, refugee children, mental health studies, policies and practical support available for refugees.

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Psychiatric symptoms and disorders among Yazidi children and adolescents immediately after forced migration following ISIS attacks

Cited by 80 publications

References 37 publications

Pathogenesis of enuresis: Towards a new understanding

Pathogenesis of enuresis: Towards a new understanding

Practitioner Review: Mental health problems of refugee children and adolescents and their management

Refugees in Europe: national overviews from key countries with a special focus on child and adolescent mental health

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