Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in HIV infected mine workers in South Africa A retrospective descriptive study of acute first admissions

Säll, L; Salamon, Eleonora; Allgulander, Christer; Owe‐Larsson, Björn

doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v12i3.48495

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Forty-six studies were initially screened. 4,7, Subsequently, studies were dropped if they used diagnostic batteries other than IHDS, 4,[23][24][25][26][28][29][30][31]33,35,37,38,44,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] had mixed data that could not be differentiated into participants on/off ART, [57][58][59] if they did not otherwise fulfill inclusion criteria, or if the publications were duplicated. 62,63 Studies were also dropped if they used the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS), 33,35,58,62,64 or used the IHDS but did not allow delineation of NCI.…”

Section: Overview Of Selected Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Habib

Yakasai

Owolabi

et al. 2013

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

102

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Section: Overview Of Selected Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Habib

Yakasai

Owolabi

et al. 2013

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

102

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“…South Africa is home to the largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS, with an estimated 5.38 million HIV-positive people in 2011 [2]. Studies show that unprotected heterosexual intercourse within the context of a committed relationship is a primary source of HIV infection [3–7], with unprotected heterosexual sex being the epidemic's driving force in Sub-Saharan Africa [1], particularly amongst mine workers in South Africa [8,9]. Research has shown that mineworkers have the highest HIV prevalence rate in comparison to other sectors in South Africa [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male employees generally relocate so that they are closer to their source of employment, and return home after extensive periods of time [8], thereby resulting in a lack of social and family support. As a result of being away from their family and partners, and an increased exposure to commercial sex workers, migrant labourers are inclined to engage in casual sex and/or utilize the services of commercial sex workers, become infected during their stay away from home, and run the risk of returning home with HIV infection, albeit often unaware of their altered HIV status [8]. Lurie et al [14] noted that amongst their sample, the main risk factors for male HIV infection included being a migrant labourer, having lived in four or more places during a lifetime, and having ever used a condom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered constructions of the impact of HIV and AIDS in the context of the HIV‐positive seroconcordant heterosexual relationship

Bhagwanjee¹,

Govender²,

Reardon³

et al. 2013

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionThis article explores the complex, dynamic and contextual frameworks within which men working in a mining community and their live-in long-term partners or spouses (termed “couples” in this study) respond to the introduction of HIV into their heterosexual relationships; the way in which partners adopt gendered positions in enabling them to make sense of their illness; how they negotiate their respective masculine and feminine roles in response to the need for HIV-related lifestyle changes; as well as the gendered nature of partner support in relation to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) adherence.MethodsWe conducted an in-depth qualitative study with a sample of 12 HIV-positive seroconcordant heterosexual couples in a South African mining organization. Transcripts based on semi-structured couple's interviews were analyzed using an inductive emergent thematic analytical method.ResultsThe findings present compelling evidence that the impact of HIV and AIDS is mitigated, in the main, by the nature of the dyadic relationship. Where power and agency were skewed in accordance with traditional gender scripts, the impact of HIV and AIDS was deleterious in terms of negotiating disclosure, meeting expectations of care and support, and promoting treatment adherence. As a corollary, the study also revealed that where the relational dynamic evidenced a more equitable distribution of power, the challenge of negotiating illness was embraced in a way that strengthened the couples’ affiliation in profound ways, manifested not simply in a reduction in risk behaviours, but in both partner's courage to re-visit sensitive issues related to managing their relationship in the context of a debilitating illness.ConclusionsGendered positioning (by self and others) was found to play a crucial role in the way couples experienced HIV and ARV treatment, and underscored the positive role of a couples-counselling approach in the negotiation of the illness experience. However, as part of a broader social project, the findings highlight the need to address the shortcomings of a public health discourse on illness normalization that reifies and reinforces skewed gender relations. In essence, the findings make a compelling case for targeting couples as the primary unit of analysis and intervention in HIV and AIDS praxis, not only to enhance treatment and prevention outcomes, but to impact on and potentially transform the lived identity of such relationships, in AIDS-affected communities. We recommend early intervention with couples in terms of couples HIV testing, risk-reduction counselling and gender-based interventions giving couples opportunities to revisit and challenge their prevailing gendered identities. We note, however, that these efforts will be undermined in the long term, if the structural drivers of HIV risk and vulnerability, contained within macro-level social, economic and cultural practices, are not simultaneously addressed.

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“…10 In some cases, the catatonia resolved with antimicrobial therapy, 11 but in others, it required treatment with benzodiazepines 12 or ECT. 13 How infection might result in catatonia is unclear from the literature. Possibilities include a direct neurotoxic effect, a psychological reaction to the infection, or mediation by an acutephase response.…”

Section: Innate Immune System Catatonia Due To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia and the immune system: a review

Rogers

Pollak

Blackman

et al. 2019

The Lancet Psychiatry

154

119

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Catatonia is a psychomotor disorder featuring stupor, posturing, and echophenomena. This Series paper examines the evidence for immune dysregulation in catatonia. Activation of the innate immune system is associated with mutism, withdrawal, and psychomotor retardation, which constitute the neurovegetative features of catatonia. Evidence is sparse and conflicting for acute-phase activation in catatonia, and whether this feature is secondary to immobility is unclear. Various viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections have been associated with catatonia, but it is primarily linked to CNS infections. The most common cause of autoimmune catatonia is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, which can account for the full spectrum of catatonic features. Autoimmunity appears to cause catatonia less by systemic inflammation than by the downstream effects of specific actions on extracellular antigens. The specific association with NMDAR encephalitis supports a hypothesis of glutamatergic hypofunction in catatonia.

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Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in HIV infected mine workers in South Africa A retrospective descriptive study of acute first admissions

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gendered constructions of the impact of HIV and AIDS in the context of the HIV‐positive seroconcordant heterosexual relationship

Catatonia and the immune system: a review

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