Psychiatric symptoms experienced by adolescents in Nepal following the 2015 earthquakes

Silwal, Sanju; Dybdahl, Ragnhild; Chudal, Roshan; Sourander, André; Lien, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.03.002

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Most of the studies (n = 7/10) were population studies conducted in the community setting [23–26] and schools [27–29]. Most of the studies were cross-sectional in nature [23, 25–27] and one was a cross-sectional cohort study [24]. The sample size of these studies ranged ranged from 126 to 4098 (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal: a scoping review

Chaulagain

Kunwar

Watts

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Syst

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Introduction Globally, 10–20% of children and adolescents suffer from mental disorders, with half of all them starting by the age of 14 and three-quarters before the age of 25. In Nepal, 40% of the population is younger than 18 years of age, and as such there is a large proportion of the population that is at risk of developing a mental disorder. There has been a recent recognition of child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal, although prior to this it had remained almost invisible on the health agenda. In response to growing concern, there is a need to conduct a review on children and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal. Objective To review the existing studies on child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal. Methodology A scoping review approach was used to identify studies on child and adolescent mental problems in Nepal. A search of Medline and PubMed databases for articles published from the database inception to August 2018 was conducted. Results Ten papers were identified, and they all together included 7876 participants. Two studies reported on Post traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) and described a prevalence of 10.7% to 51% of earthquake-affected children and adolescents in the Kathmandu district of Nepal. Another study reported that 53.2% of former child soldiers met the cut-off score for PTSS. Two school surveys found that the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in school children ranged between 12.9 and 17.03%, whereas a study on emotional and behavioural disorders in homeless children reported a prevalence of 28.6%. The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was estimated to be as high as three in every 1000 persons in Nepal by one study. The clinical prevalence of anxiety disorders was reported ranging from 18.8% to 24.4% while that of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was 10–11.7% in various clinical samples of children and adolescents. Conclusion Only a few studies on the prevalence of child and adolescent mental health in Nepal have been conducted. Clearly, there is a need for better study design and larger studies to understand more fully the prevalence of child and adolescent mental health disorders in Nepal, in order to adequately plan public health services accordingly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13033-019-0310-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal: a scoping review

Chaulagain

Kunwar

Watts

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Syst

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“…Since initial studies focused primarily on the mental health outcomes of adults in Nepal, this study adds to the growing research on the mental health outcomes of Nepali children and adolescents, specifically those in the hard-hit Sindhupalchowk district [18, 42, 43]. Due to the geographical remoteness of the village surveyed, this study also provides some of our first insights into the mental health status of a rural and difficult to reach population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake exposures and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents from Phulpingdanda village, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Schwind

Formby

Santangelo

et al. 2018

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundMental health issues can reach epidemic proportions in developed countries after natural disasters, but research is needed to better understand the impact on children and adolescents in developing nations.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed to examine the relationship between earthquake exposures and depression, PTSD, and resilience among children and adolescents in Phulpingdanda village in Nepal, 1 year after the 2015 earthquakes, using the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Child PTSD Symptom Scale, and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure, respectively. To quantify exposure, a basic demographic and household questionnaire, including an earthquake exposure assessment tool for children and adolescents, was created.ResultsOf the 62 respondents interviewed, 3.23% and 4.84% displayed symptomatology of depression and PTSD. A large number of respondents interviewed scored high for resiliency (80.65%). All 62 respondents were displaced from their household and witnessed severe damage of both their homes and village. The number of earthquake exposures had a strong, positive correlation with PTSD symptomatology.ConclusionsAlthough the number of respondents who showed signs of depression and PTSD symptomatology was lower than anticipated, resilience scores were considerably higher. Future research should explore which protective factors may contribute to high resiliency in Nepali children and adolescents.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13034-018-0257-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Sindhupalchowk was one of the districts most severely affected by the 2015 earthquakes: 2071 people were reportedly killed and many lost family and friends as well as their homes, schools and livelihoods [31]. Research conducted in the district following the earthquakes found that 40% of adolescents reported symptoms of depression [32].…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally and developmentally adapting group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in rural Nepal

et al. 2020

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Background: Evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce depression among adolescents in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). One approach could be cultural adaptation of psychological therapies developed in high-income countries. We aimed to adapt the World Health Organization's Group Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) Manual for adolescents with depression in rural Nepal. Methods: We used a participatory, multi-stage adaptation process involving: translation and clinical review of the WHO Manual; desk reviews of adaptations of IPT in LMICs, and literature on child and adolescent mental health interventions and interpersonal problems in Nepal; a qualitative study to understand experiences of adolescent depression and preferences for a community-based psychological intervention including 25 interviews with adolescent boys and girls aged 13-18 with depression, four focus group discussions with adolescents, four with parents/caregivers and two with teachers, six interviews with community health workers and one with a representative from a local non-governmental organisation (total of 126 participants); training of IPT trainers and facilitators and practice IPT groups; and consultation with a youth mental health advisory board. We used the Ecological Validity Framework to guide the adaptation process. Results: We made adaptations to optimise treatment delivery and emphasise developmental and cultural aspects of depression. Key adaptations were: integrating therapy into secondary schools for delivery by school nurses and lay community members; adding components to promote parental engagement including a pre-group session with the adolescent and parent to mobilise parental support; using locally acceptable terms for mental illness such as udas-chinta (sadness and worry) and man ko samasya (heart-mind problem); framing the intervention as a training programme to de-stigmatise treatment; and including activities to strengthen relationships between group members. We did not adapt the therapeutic goals of IPT and conserved IPT-specific strategies and techniques, making edits only to the way these were described in the Manual.

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Psychiatric symptoms experienced by adolescents in Nepal following the 2015 earthquakes

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal: a scoping review

Child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal: a scoping review

Earthquake exposures and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents from Phulpingdanda village, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Culturally and developmentally adapting group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in rural Nepal

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