Psychiatric Symptoms in Acute and Persisting Forms of COVID-19 Associated with Neural Autoantibodies

Abstract

(1) Background: In this narrative review, we focus on neural autoantibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection and persisting symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome with a psychiatric presentation. (2) Methods: Our methods include using the PubMed database to search for appropriate articles. (3) Results: We first describe the phenomenon of the psychiatric manifestation of COVID-19 in acute and persistent forms, associated with neural autoantibodies, often attributable to encephalopathy or encephalitis. We discuss the spectrum of neural autoantibodies in neuropsychiatric patients affected by COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome. Evidence from our research suggests that it is highly likely that neural autoantibody production is facilitated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that more neuropsychiatric patients than control subjects will present neural autoantibodies. (4) Conclusions: These observations support the hypothesis that acute and persisting forms of COVID-19 promote autoimmune diseases. Our patients therefore require comprehensive evaluation to avoid overlooking such autoantibody-associated psychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Outcomes and prospects

“…Антитела к интерферону Тяжесть COVID-19 [121][122][123] Антитела к хемокинам (СXCL17, CCL18, CCL22) Протективный эффект [186] Антитела к ИЛ-1Ра Нарушение иммунорегуляции [187] Антитела к сурфактанту легких Нарушение функции легких [185] Антинейрональные антитела (ARHGAP31, GAD65, рецепторы ацетилхолина, В1.2б MOG, NMDA, MCTP1, Yo, миелин, Ma/Ta2) Невропсихиатрические проявления COVID-19 [305] Антитела к рецепторам вазорегуляции и вегетативной нервной системы Неврологические нарушения при длительном COVID [306] Антитела к ТФ4-комплексу гепарин -ТФ4 Тяжесть COVID-19 [152], тромботическая тромбоцитопения после вакцинации против SARS-CoV-2 [153] Примечание: NETs -«нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки» (neutrophil extracellular traps) Научно-практическая ревматология. 2024;62(1):32-54…”

Delayed Antibody Response in the Acute Phase of Infection Is Associated with a Lower Mental Component of Quality of Life in Survivors of Severe and Critical COVID-19

“…Encephalopathy and encephalitis associated with COVID-19 and PASC are often mediated by the production of neural autoantibodies. These conditions may subsequently lead to various neuropsychiatric symptoms [24]. Franke et al [25] found neuronal autoantibodies in more than 50% of COVID-19 survivors with persistent cognitive impairment.…”