Psychic Manifestations Associated With Hyperthyroidism

Dunlap, Harold F.; Moersch, Frederick P.

doi:10.1176/ajp.91.6.1215

Cited by 60 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Reported values for the incidence of depression in hyperthyroidism vary from 1â€"20 per cent (Bursten, 1961;Clower et al, 1969;Dunlap and Moersch, 1935;Johnson, 1928;Katzenelbogen and Luton, 1935;Kleinschmidt et al, 1956;Lidz and Whitehorn, 1949) and these are similar to estimates of the incidence of depression in a general population (Watts et al, 1964;Shepherd et al, 1966;Crombie, 1974;Brown and Harris, 1978). Similarly estimates of the incidence of hyperthyroidism in depressed patients are around 1 per cent (Bursten, 1961;Bluestone, 1957;Martin, 1963) which is also similar to the incidence of hyperthyroidism in the general population (Tunbridge et a!, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

A Case of Recurrent Mania with Recurrent Hyperthyroidism

Corn

Checkley

1983

Br J Psychiatry

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The demonstration that an endocrine disorder can precipitate a specific mental illness would be an important step towards the development of much needed animal models of affective disorder. To this end we have sought and found evidence for a causal connection between Cushings syndrome and the apprearance of a depressive illness (Kelly et al, 1980 and 1983). Whether or not hyperthyroidism can cause a manic depressive illness is at present uncertain. Reported values for the incidence of depression in hyperthyroidism vary from 1–20 per cent (Bursten, 1961; Clower et al, 1969; Dunlap and Moersch, 1935; Johnson, 1928; Katzenelbogen and Luton, 1935; Kleinschmidt et al, 1956; Lidz and Whitehorn, 1949) and these are similar to estimates of the incidence of depression in a general population (Watts et al, 1964; Shepherd et al, 1966; Crombie, 1974; Brown and Harris, 1978). Similarly estimates of the incidence of hyperthyroidism in depressed patients are around 1 per cent (Bursten, 1961; Bluestone, 1957; Martin, 1963) which is also similar to the incidence of hyperthyroidism in the general population (Tunbridge et al, 1975). Finally in a population of patients with recurrent manic depressive illness, the eight observed episodes of hyperthyroidism striking during normal health were not apparently followed by any mental disturbance (Checkley, 1978). We now report upon a patient in whom two episodes of mania coincided with two episodes of hyperthyroidism and discuss the possibility that the two illnesses were related to each other.

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confidence: 61%

A Case of Recurrent Mania with Recurrent Hyperthyroidism

Corn

Checkley

1983

Br J Psychiatry

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“…Interestingly, the distribution of the psychiatric conditions included mainly anxiety disorder and depression disorder for both diseases, and hallucination delusion states and bipolar disorder known as “Basedow psychosis [1]” and “myxoedema psychosis [39]” were few. When the psychiatric outlook of “Basedow psychosis” was compared with a report [40] from Mayo Clinic spanning from 1920 to 1931, there were clear differences (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Gd and Mental Disorders [14]mentioning

confidence: 97%

Graves’ disease and mental disorders

Fukao

Takamatsu²,

Arishima³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology

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Mental disorders merge highly with thyroid diseases. Because of its regulatory effects on serotonin and noradrenalin, T3 has been linked closely to depression and anxiety. It has known that in many cases, the mental symptoms persist even after normalization of thyroid function by treatment. Psychosocial factors including stress have been associated with mental symptoms even after thyroid function normalization in Graves’ disease and a combination of mental disorders have been related to the exacerbation of hyperthyroidism. These findings suggest that psychosomatic approaches based on the bio-psycho-social medical model are important for the treatment of mental disorders associated with Graves’ disease.

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“…In some papers, the psychiatric illness has not been concurrent with thyrotoxicosis, and in earlier accounts documentation of hyperthyroidism has been suboptimal. Acute delirium reactions in older case reports were probably thyroid crises complicating acute infections (8), and currently thyroid crises are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis - 'thyrotoxic psychosis.' A report of 18 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence

Brownlie

Rae²,

Walshe³

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

118

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Objective: To report a series of newly diagnosed thyrotoxic patients with concurrent acute psychosis, and to assess the association between the two disorders. Design: Retrospective study of thyrotoxic patients with associated psychosis ('thyrotoxic psychosis'; TP) requiring inpatient psychiatric care. New Zealand thyrotoxicosis annual incidence figures and first psychiatric admission rates for affective psychosis were utilised to statistically assess the co-occurrence of thyrotoxicosis and affective psychosis. Patients and Methods: During the 20-year study period, 18 inpatients (16 women and 2 men), mean age 54 years, with TP were identified. No patient had a past history of thyrotoxicosis, but four had required psychiatric inpatient care many years earlier. Thyrotoxicosis was documented by radioimmunoassay of thyroid hormone levels, and thyroid scintiscan. Psychiatric manifestations were classified using ICD9 criteria. Results: Thyroid hormone levels were markedly elevated in more than half of our TP patients. All younger patients had Graves' disease, and most older patients toxic nodular goitre. All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs, and all but one subsequently received 131 I therapy. Two patients were not mentally ill when thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed, but suffered major mood swings when thyroid hormone levels were falling. There was no specific psychiatric clinical picture but affective psychoses were commonest -seven depression, seven mania. The other diagnoses were two schizophreniform, one paranoid, and one delirium. Initially, neuroleptic medication was used in all but one patient, and during long-term follow-up (median 11 years) more than half our series had remained well with no further psychiatric problems. Statistical analysis was restricted to thyrotoxic patients with first psychiatric hospital admission for affective psychosis. During the 20-year period, there were nine thyrotoxic patients (95% confidence interval 4.5-17.1) with concurrent affective psychosis requiring first admission, and the calculated expected number was only 0.36. These findings indicate a clear association well above chance co-occurrence. Conclusion: TP is not a specific clinical picture, but affective psychoses are commonest. Statistical analysis of thyrotoxic patients with concurrent affective psychoses showed an incidence well above chance co-occurrence. It appears that thyrotoxicosis may be a precipitant of acute affective psychosis.

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Psychic Manifestations Associated With Hyperthyroidism

Cited by 60 publications

References 10 publications

A Case of Recurrent Mania with Recurrent Hyperthyroidism

A Case of Recurrent Mania with Recurrent Hyperthyroidism

Graves’ disease and mental disorders

Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis - 'thyrotoxic psychosis.' A report of 18 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence

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