Psycho-behavioral factors associated with neurocognitive performance among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Accra, Ghana

Asiedu, Nana Yaw; Kretchy, Irene A.; Asampong, Emmanuel

doi:10.4314/ahs.v20i2.6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, depression was associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, which is supported by previous findings in which depression was associated with the risk of neurocognitive impairment ( 63 , 64 ). Depression is commonly co-morbid with HIV infection, but the association is not clear on which factors may contribute to lower neurocognitive impairment ( 65 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Triple Burden of Neurocognitive Impairment and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Among People Living With HIV in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundNeurocognitive impairment is associated with psychological morbidities, such as depression and anxiety, among people living with HIV. The presence of these comorbidities affects viral load suppression, treatment adherence, quality of life, treatment outcomes, and functionality. Despite this fact, there is a dearth of studies that examined the triple burden of neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety among antiretroviral therapy attendees in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety at the same time among people living with HIV/AIDS.MethodWe conducted an institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 410 study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Neurocognitive impairment was assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale. Co-occurring depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical-related characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsTwo-thirds (66.8%) of the people living with HIV had neurocognitive impairment. The prevalence of co-occurring depression and anxiety was found in 39.8%. Women with HIV, people with comorbid chronic medical illness, and those under a second-line treatment regimen were factors associated with neurocognitive impairment. Furthermore, pill burden, second-line treatment regimen, HIV clinical stages, social support, HIV-perceived stigma, and neurocognitive impairment were associated factors with co-occurring depression and anxiety.ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDs. Further research is needed to assess the clinical course of neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Triple Burden of Neurocognitive Impairment and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Among People Living With HIV in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Study

et al. 2022

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“…These additional medications even though increase the drug burden of PLWHA are important in controlling hematological derangements and bacterial infections that are common in HIV infection. [27][28][29] Antibiotics and hematinics were however stopped when the viral load, hemoglobin level, and risk of infection were controlled to normal levels. Our results revealed that a significant number (approx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of default rate of antiretroviral use on viral load among HIV/AIDS patients in Tamale and Sunyani

Abugri¹

2021

JABB

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Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is the gold standard for the management of HIV patients. Purportedly, patients who are not on HAART or defaulted from its use have adverse effects compared to those who adhere to the intake of HAART. Compliant individuals have improved quality of life and show healthy hematological parameters and HIV load as compared to HAART naïve individuals and defaulters. Supplementary and supportive treatment is crucial in HIV/AIDS patients on patients on antiretroviral therapy? Objective: This study was conducted to assess the consistency and default of HAART intake and other supportive treatments and its relationship with viral load on hematological parameters in two different geographical sites. Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from Navrongo Health Research Centre. Questionnaires were administered to participants for their consent, demographic data, consistency of taking antiretrovirals, and types of antiretrovirals used. Full blood count and HIV load tests were carried out using Urit 5250 and Cobas Taqman / Cobas ampliprep fully automated analysers respectively. Results: Defaulters had a significant (p value=0.003) rise in their viral load (845334.38±409285.62) copies/mL in comparison to adherents in HAART intake 49571.69±30548.89) copies/mL. The hemoglobin level (10.51±0.60 g/dL) of defaulters was significantly (p-value = 0.007) lower than that of adherent (12.04±0.17 g/dL). The default rates in the two study sites were close (9.8% in Sunyani and 9.4% in Tamale). Conclusion: Antiretroviral default does not only lead to an increase in HIV load but also causes a reduction in hemoglobin levels. Hematinics supplementation therapy may help normalize hematological parameters in HIV infection

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“…In Ghana, the prevalence of depression in PLWH can be as high as 53.4% [22]. In addition, PLWH who have depressive symptoms in Ghana are at risk of neurocognitive impairment [23]. Two qualitative studies identified ART adherence facilitators in Ghana to include having access to food, disclosure of HIV status, availability of ART, family and partner support, organization of ART clinics, and transportation cost [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and its associated factors among people living with HIV in the Volta region of Ghana

Nutor,

Alhassan,

Thompson

et al. 2024

PLOS Ment Health

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Depression among people living with HIV/AIDS in higher-income countries is associated with suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy and though counterintuitive. Yet, less is known regarding how depression, social support, and other sociodemographic factors influence outcomes among people living with HIV, particularly in resource-limited settings like Ghana. In view of this gap, this study investigated factors associated with depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in the Volta region of Ghana. A total of 181 people living with HIV from a local antiretroviral clinic was purposively sampled for the study. The questionnaire included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Internalized Stigma of HIV/AIDS Tool, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12. An independent student t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were conducted to ascertain the associations among the variables of interest. The magnitude of association was evaluated with multiple linear regression. The average depression score among the participants was 9.1±8.8 and 20.4% reported signs of depression. Majority (78%) of participants who were depressed were male compared to females (p = 0.031). In the multiple linear regression, every one-year increase in age was significantly associated with an estimated 0.012 standard deviation increase in depression scores (95% CI: 0.002–0.021) after adjusting for all other variables in the model. Every unit standard deviation increase in social support was significantly associated with an estimated 0.659 standard deviation increase in depression scores (95% CI:0.187–1.132), after adjusting for all other variables in the model. We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV especially among males. An increase in age and social support was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in this study. We recommend further study using longitudinal approach to understand this unexpected association between depression and social support among people living with HIV in Ghana.

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Psycho-behavioral factors associated with neurocognitive performance among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Accra, Ghana

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Triple Burden of Neurocognitive Impairment and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Among People Living With HIV in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Study

Triple Burden of Neurocognitive Impairment and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Among People Living With HIV in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Study

Impact of default rate of antiretroviral use on viral load among HIV/AIDS patients in Tamale and Sunyani

Depression and its associated factors among people living with HIV in the Volta region of Ghana

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