Psychoacoustic evidence for stronger discrimination suppression of spatial information conveyed by lag-click interaural time than interaural level differences

Nilsson, Mats; Tirado, Carlos; Szychowska, Malina

doi:10.1121/1.5087707

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…One may speculate that interactions between the reflected click and reverberations of the direct click may have influenced access to spatial information, for example, at monaural stages of processing leading to conflicting ILDs within critical bands (cf. Nilsson et al., 2019; Xia & Shinn-Cunningham, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, in some situations, a clearly audible sound may be hard to localize, for example, sinusoidal signals are typically hard to localize (Yost, 1981). Another example is the precedence-effect phenomenon discrimination suppression (Brown & Christopher Stecker, 2013), which may be relevant for human echolocation (Nilsson et al., 2019; Nilsson & Schenkman, 2016; Wallmeier et al., 2013). In a typical discrimination suppression experiment, a lead-click from straight ahead is followed by a lag-click from the left or right.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparing Echo-Detection and Echo-Localization in Sighted Individuals

et al. 2021

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Echolocation is the ability to gather information from sound reflections. Most previous studies have focused on the ability to detect sound reflections, others on the ability to localize sound reflections, but no previous study has compared the two abilities in the same individuals. Our study compared echo-detection (reflecting object present or not?) and echo-localization (reflecting object to the left or right?) in 10 inexperienced sighted participants across 10 distances (1–4.25 m) to the reflecting object, using an automated system for studying human echolocation. There were substantial individual differences, particularly in the performance on the echo-localization task. However, most participants performed better on the detection than the localization task, in particular at the closest distances (1 and 1.7 m), illustrating that it sometimes may be hard to perceive whether an audible reflection came from the left or right.

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Comparing Echo-Detection and Echo-Localization in Sighted Individuals

et al. 2021

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“…The click had a SPL of about 76 dB at 0 to 3 ms and 60 dB at 20 ms when the reflection arrived. This direct–reflected difference of −16 dB would be too high for complete forward masking to take place; a recent psychoacoustic study using short clicks found that a lag click following a lead click after 16 ms could be detected down to a lag–lead ratio of −40 dB or less [25].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Echobot: An automated system for stimulus presentation in studies of human echolocation

2019

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Echolocation is the detection and localization of objects by listening to the sounds they reflect. Early studies of human echolocation used real objects that the experimental leader positioned manually before each experimental trial. The advantage of this procedure is the use of realistic stimuli; the disadvantage is that manually shifting stimuli between trials is very time consuming making it difficult to use psychophysical methods based on the presentation of hundreds of stimuli. The present study tested a new automated system for stimulus presentation, the Echobot, that overcomes this disadvantage. We tested 15 sighted participants with no prior experience of echolocation on their ability to detect the reflection of a loudspeaker-generated click from a 50 cm circular aluminum disk. The results showed that most participants were able to detect the sound reflections. Performance varied considerably, however, with mean individual thresholds of detection ranging from 1 to 3.2 m distance from the disk. Three participants in the loudspeaker experiment also tested using self-generated vocalization. One participant performed better using vocalization and one much worse than in the loudspeaker experiment, illustrating that performance in echolocation experiments using vocalizations not only measures the ability to detect sound reflections, but also the ability to produce efficient echolocation signals. Overall, the present experiments show that the Echobot may be a useful tool in research on human echolocation.

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Individual differences in the ability to access spatial information in lag-clicks

Tirado

Gerdfeldter

Nilsson

2021

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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It may be difficult to determine whether a dichotic lag-click points to the left or right when preceded by a diotic lead-click. Previous research suggests that this loss of spatial information is most prominent at inter-click intervals (ICIs) <10 ms. However, a study by Nilsson, Tirado, and Szychowska [(2019). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 145, 512–524] found support for loss of spatial information in lag-clicks at much longer ICIs using a stimulus setup differing from those in previous research. The present study used a setup similar to that of the Nilsson, Tirado, and Szychowska study [(2019). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 145, 512–524] to measure 13 listeners' ability to lateralize (left versus right) and detect (present versus absent) the lag-click in lead–lag click pairs with ICIs of 6–48 ms. The main finding was distinct individual differences in performance. Some listeners could lateralize lag-clicks all the way down to their detection threshold, whereas others had lateralization thresholds substantially higher than their detection thresholds, i.e., they could not lateralize lag-clicks that they could easily detect. Two such listeners trained for 30 days and managed to improve their lateralization thresholds to reach their detection thresholds, but only at longer ICIs (>20 ms), suggesting different mechanisms underlying lag-click lateralization at short versus long ICIs.

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Psychoacoustic evidence for stronger discrimination suppression of spatial information conveyed by lag-click interaural time than interaural level differences

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Comparing Echo-Detection and Echo-Localization in Sighted Individuals

Comparing Echo-Detection and Echo-Localization in Sighted Individuals

The Echobot: An automated system for stimulus presentation in studies of human echolocation

Individual differences in the ability to access spatial information in lag-clicks

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