Psychoacoustic Modelling of Sound Attributes

Zeitler, Alfred; Zeller, Peter

doi:10.4271/2006-01-0098

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Very little research on perceived sportiness in real vehicles is available. An exception is Zeitler and Zeller [31], who let acoustical experts rate the interior sounds of different vehicles on a test track.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating the Illusion of Sportiness: Evaluating Modified Throttle Mapping and Artificial Engine Sound for Electric Vehicles

Melman

Visser

Mouton

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern computerized vehicles offer the possibility of changing vehicle parameters with the aim of creating a novel driving experience, such as an increased feeling of sportiness. For example, electric vehicles can be designed to provide an artificial sound, and the throttle mapping can be adjusted to give drivers the illusion that they are driving a sports vehicle (i.e., without altering the vehicle’s performance envelope). However, a fundamental safety-related question is how drivers perceive and respond to vehicle parameter adjustments. As of today, human-subject research on throttle mapping is unavailable, whereas research on sound enhancement is mostly conducted in listening rooms, which provides no insight into how drivers respond to the auditory cues. This study investigated how perceived sportiness and driving behavior are affected by adjustments in vehicle sound and throttle mapping. Through a within-subject simulator-based experiment, we investigated (1) Modified Throttle Mapping (MTM), (2) Artificial Engine Sound (AES) via a virtually elevated rpm, and (3) MTM and AES combined, relative to (4) a Baseline condition and (5) a Sports car that offered increased engine power. Results showed that, compared to Baseline, AES and MTM-AES increased perceived sportiness and yielded a lower speed variability in curves. Furthermore, MTM and MTM-AES caused higher vehicle acceleration than Baseline during the first second of driving away from a standstill. Mean speed and comfort ratings were unaffected by MTM and AES. The highest sportiness ratings and fastest driving speeds were obtained for the Sports car. In conclusion, the sound enhancement not only increased the perception of sportiness but also improved drivers’ speed control performance, suggesting that sound is used by drivers as functional feedback. The fact that MTM did not affect the mean driving speed indicates that drivers adapted their “gain” to the new throttle mapping and were not susceptible to risk compensation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating the Illusion of Sportiness: Evaluating Modified Throttle Mapping and Artificial Engine Sound for Electric Vehicles

Melman

Visser

Mouton

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the sound quality inside a passenger vehicle has been studied in detail to meet the needs of customers. [1][2][3][4] In terms of psychoacoustics, the characteristics of perceived sound through human the auditory system can be described by using the various sound metrics such as loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength and tonality. Whether the specific noise source is perceived as unpleasant or not is determined by the relative relationship between adjacent noise sources, rather than their absolute levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New tonality design for non-stationary signal and its application to sound quality for gear whine sound

Kim

Shin

Lee

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sound quality for the axle-gear whine sound in a sports utility vehicle was investigated in terms of psychoacoustics. Aure's tonality was considered as the sound metric for the expression of the tonality of gear whine sound in a previous research. However, it did not prove possible to use Aure's tonality successfully as a sound metric for the tonal impression. Aure's tonality did not express well the tonal impression of the gear whine sound as the whine sound is a nonstationary signal with both frequency and amplitude modulation. In this study, the new method for the tonality evaluation for a non-stationary signal is presented. It is developed based on the prominence ratio, tonality impression function and lower threshold level. It improves the accuracy and reliability of the sound quality index being used for the sound quality evaluation of the axle-gear whine sound.

show abstract

“…For example, in reference [5] Genell et al investigate this spectral balance in the context of truck cabin noise. Some of the complexity in achieving an optimum balance is reported by Zeitler and Zeller [6] who explore how far the harmonics of the engine sound can rise above the broadband background noise when the vehicle is accelerating whilst still remaining at an appropriate level under cruising conditions. The third aspect of attribute balance involves the directionality of noise sources within a noise attribute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The driving envelope used in investigations can be as restricted as a single vehicle speed on a solitary surface [8]. More elaborate investigations use multiple load cases [6] or a more comprehensively constructed drive cycle [9,10]. A simple load case, supported by an objective measurement of the sound gives the opportunity to conduct frequency analysis to compliment the subjective rating obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the J. D. Power and Associates Automotive Performance, Execution and Layout (APEAL) study used in this paper an attribute, such as the sound of the engine, is rated on a scale of 1 to 10. A further extreme is to use a rating scale of semantic pairs, such as that used by Zeitler and Zeller [6]. This technique uses opposing descriptors such as smooth versus rough or weak versus powerful, with the scores assigned to a relative scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vehicle noise primary attribute balance

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The primary noise attributes in a vehicle are engine, road and wind noise.In terms of human perception, an individual can drive a vehicle over an extended period of time and be left with the feeling that one of these noise attributes dominates. This can be viewed as an imbalance of the noise attributes. Previous investigations in the literature covering primary attribute balance have a bias towards using trained assessors and restricted driving load cases. This paper approaches the optimal balance of noise attributes using customer ratings from an established 'three month in service' industry study. In doing so, this study encompasses a variety of real world driving scenarios and covers a cross-section of the customer demographic base. The aim of the research is to identify the optimal attribute balance from a customer perspective and to link the key factors influencing this perception. In approaching this aim, the underlying acoustic principles for the interaction of the primary noise attributes are first outlined. The methods used in previously published investigations are summarised and the case for a customer based investigation is made. The scope of existing customer data is reviewed and a methodology to approach the datasets is developed. The interaction of the primary noise attributes is then explored and the Kano quality model is introduced as an aid to explaining the trends seen in the data. In conclusion, the findings of the study are used to suggest a strategy to achieve optimal attribute balance from a customer perspective.

show abstract

Psychoacoustic Modelling of Sound Attributes

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Creating the Illusion of Sportiness: Evaluating Modified Throttle Mapping and Artificial Engine Sound for Electric Vehicles

Creating the Illusion of Sportiness: Evaluating Modified Throttle Mapping and Artificial Engine Sound for Electric Vehicles

New tonality design for non-stationary signal and its application to sound quality for gear whine sound

Vehicle noise primary attribute balance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About