Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study

Sowunmi, Oladipo; Amoo, G; Onifade, Peter Olutunde; Ogunwale, Adegboyega; Babalola, Emmanuel

doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v25i0.1111

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…When considering the education level of the participants, a majority of the drug users had unsatisfactory education levels, which was compatible with the existing. [ 8 9 10 11 12 ] A Rapid Assessment of Drug Use Patterns (RADUP) in Sri Lanka conducted in 2018 (11[ 13 ] found that more than 95% of the drug users tend to be in their late 30s, a finding comparable to our study results and confirmed by two other researchers,[ 11 12 ] implying that drug use behavior is identified in late 20s in many drug users in the country. Therefore, primordial and primary prevention for drug use can be implemented to targeting this age group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Characteristics and Exposure to Vulnerable Factors for Drug use among Male Illicit Drug Users in Sri Lanka

Darshana

Wijesinghe

Silva

2022

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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Background: Illicit drug use has become a significant public health problem in Sri Lanka. This study was conducted to assess characteristics and exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use among institutionalized male drug users. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 431 institutionalized male drug users from five selected rehabilitation centers in Sri Lanka. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The history of exposure to vulnerable factors was assessed using a series of questions based on existing evidence. Chi-square test was used to identify factors associated with exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use at 0.05 significance level. Results: Experimental usage, peer pressure, being unaware about harmful outcomes of drug use, ability to conceal drug use behavior from family, easy accessibility, previous use of alcohol and tobacco, history of exposure to psychoactive substance use within the usual living set up, being in a family with inadequate protection and an unsatisfactory parenting status were identified as common characteristics of people with illicit drug use disorders and drug use behavior. The age of the first drug use was positively correlated with the age of the first alcohol use ( r = 0.687; P < 0.01) and first smoking ( r = 0.732; P < 0.01). Ethnicity, area of residence, severity of drug use, and age of initiation of drug use had statistically significant association with exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use ( P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Characteristics of people with illicit drug use disorders and drug use behavior were varied while the history of exposure to vulnerable factors for drug use was not uncommon in the sample. The study recommends considering these study findings during designing appropriate preventive and harm reduction strategies for illicit drug use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Characteristics and Exposure to Vulnerable Factors for Drug use among Male Illicit Drug Users in Sri Lanka

Darshana

Wijesinghe

Silva

2022

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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“…Several studies have reported a higher prevalence (range of 21.3-55.6%) of substance use disorders in individuals with mental illness compared to three to four percent reported in the general population [7,8]. In Nigeria, two studies on the use of psychoactive substances in mentally ill individuals showed prevalences between 21.3% and 29.3% [9,10]. In Finland, Karpov et al (2017) [11] reported a prevalence of 27.5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Substance Use among Adults with Mental Illness in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tindimwebwa

Ajayi

Adeniyi

2021

IJERPH

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This study reports on the prevalence and demographic correlates of substance use among individuals with mental illness in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Clinic of a large hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A pre-validated tool on alcohol and psychoactive drug use was administered to 390 individuals with mental illness. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to explore the demographic correlates of alcohol and psychoactive drug use. Of the total participants (N = 390), 64.4% and 33.3% reported lifetime (ever used) and past-year use of alcohol, respectively, but the prevalence of risky alcohol use was 18.5%. After adjusting for relevant covariates, only male sex, younger age, and rural residence remained significantly associated with risky alcohol use. The prevalence of ever-use and past-year use of psychoactive substances was 39.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The most common substance ever used was cannabis (37.4%). Male sex, younger age, owning a business, and being unemployed were significantly associated with higher odds of lifetime and past-year use of psychoactive substances. Findings highlight the need for dedicated infrastructure and staff training in the management of these dual diagnoses in the region.

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“… 22 , 23 , 24 Although limited in number, studies conducted in SSA countries such as Kenya, Zimbabwe and Nigeria indicate that alcohol abuse is prevalent in those with CPD, suggesting a similar pattern to that seen globally. 12 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use in Tanzanians with chronic psychotic disorders and poor medication adherence

Simon

Levin

Mbwambo

et al. 2021

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: The burden of chronic psychotic disorders (CPDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is significant. Poorly medically adherent patients are more likely to have worse outcomes and require more resources. However, factors impacting effective treatment of CPD in this population are unclear.Aim: Examine the relationship between alcohol use and disease management and compare alcohol risk stratification between the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in poorly medication adherent Tanzanians with CPD.Setting: Muhimbili National Hospital and ambulatory clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: 100 Tanzanians with CPDs and suboptimal medication adherence were dichotomized into low and moderate-to-high risk alcohol use based on AUDIT scores and compared regarding medication attitudes, adherence and psychiatric symptoms. Patients completed the ASSIST for comparison to AUDIT risk stratification.Results: Moderate-to-high risk alcohol users had worse medication attitudes (p 0.01), medication adherence (previous week, p = 0.01; previous month, p 0.001), and psychiatric symptoms (p = 0.03). They were younger, predominately male and more likely to have a family history of alcohol abuse. A logistic regression analysis found age, gender and family history of abuse as significant predictors of hazardous alcohol use (p = 0.02, 0.02, 0.01, respectively). Risk stratification between AUDIT and ASSIST aligned in 85% of participants.Conclusion: Alcohol use is an important consideration in treating poorly adherent Tanzanians with CPD. The ASSIST was comparable to the AUDIT in stratifying risky alcohol use with the additional benefit of screening for other substances.

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Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Assessment of Characteristics and Exposure to Vulnerable Factors for Drug use among Male Illicit Drug Users in Sri Lanka

Assessment of Characteristics and Exposure to Vulnerable Factors for Drug use among Male Illicit Drug Users in Sri Lanka

Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Substance Use among Adults with Mental Illness in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alcohol use in Tanzanians with chronic psychotic disorders and poor medication adherence

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