Psychobiology of Appetite and Food Reward in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role for Exercise?

Hopkins, Mark; Beaulieu, Kristine; Finlayson, Graham

doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.018

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Findings from a large, long-term, randomized controlled trial have suggested that a multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring) can improve or maintain cognitive function in at-risk elderly people ( 48 ). Additionally, type 2 diabetes is related with depression and alterations in appetite-related processes ( 14 , 49 ), both of which can be influenced by exercise training ( 17 , 18 , 49 ). The role of microbiota in regulating gut-brain function contributes to the appreciation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Abdominal Obesity and Low Thigh Circumference (EXTEND): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Liú

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionType 2 diabetes patients have abdominal obesity and low thigh circumference. Previous studies have mainly focused on the role of exercise in reducing body weight and fat mass, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, with a lack of evaluation on the loss of muscle mass, diabetes complications, energy metabolism, and brain health. Moreover, whether the potential physiological benefit of exercise for diabetes mellitus is related to the modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis remains unclear. Multi-omics approaches and multidimensional evaluations may help systematically and comprehensively correlate physical exercise and the metabolic benefits.Methods and AnalysisThis study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 100 sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes will be allocated to either an exercise or a control group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the exercise group will receive a 16-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise training, while those in the control group will maintain their sedentary lifestyle unchanged. Additionally, all participants will receive a diet administration to control the confounding effects of diet. The primary outcome will be the change in body fat mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The secondary outcomes will include body fat mass change rate (%), and changes in anthropometric indicators (body weight, waist, hip, and thigh circumference), clinical biochemical indicators (glycated hemoglobin, blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, blood lipid, liver enzyme, and renal function), brain health (appetite, mood, and cognitive function), immunologic function, metagenomics, metabolomics, energy expenditure, cardiopulmonary fitness, exercise-related indicators, fatty liver, cytokines (fibroblast growth factor 21, fibroblast growth factor 19, adiponectin, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and lipocalin 2), vascular endothelial function, autonomic nervous function, and glucose fluctuation.DiscussionThis study will evaluate the effect of a 16-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise regimen on patients with diabetes. The results will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the physiological effects of exercise, and reveal the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise-induced metabolic benefits to diabetes.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx, identifier ChiCTR2100046148.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Abdominal Obesity and Low Thigh Circumference (EXTEND): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Liú

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…54,55 Beyond diabetes medications promoting weight gain, such as insulin, sulphonylureas and pioglitazone, and probably the higher genetic burden of these individuals, T2D-related effects on gut-brain signalling may play a role. 56 Indeed, parasympathetic activity is often reduced in people with T2D because of diabetic neuropathy, 57 which may also interfere with vagal feedback to the corticolimbic system. Moreover, T2D is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, affecting learning and memory.…”

Section: Neurometabolic Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It not only positively influences energy balance, but may also be associated with positive changes in food preferences and improved appetite control. 56 A microbiome-dependent gut-brain pathway was recently identified in mice that mediates dopamine release during exercise and thereby influences exercise performance. The gut-brain axis may therefore not only regulate eating but also exercise behaviour.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical strategies to manage obesity in type 2 diabetes

Rodbard,

Barnard‐Kelly,

Pfeiffer

et al. 2024

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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The rising phenomenon of obesity, a major risk factor for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach to be prevented and managed. Although novel pharmacological measures to combat obesity have achieved unprecedented efficacy, a healthy lifestyle remains essential for the long‐term success of any therapeutic intervention. However, this requires a high level of intrinsic motivation and continued behavioural changes in the face of multiple metabolic, psychological and environmental factors promoting weight gain, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes. This review is intended to provide practical recommendations in the context of a holistic, person‐centred approach to weight management, including evidence‐based and expert recommendations addressing supportive communication, shared decision‐making, as well as nutritional and pharmacological therapeutic approaches to achieve sustained weight loss.

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“…This destruction results in a deficiency of insulin, a peptide hormone, which leads to insufficient glucose uptake by cells and increased blood glucose levels (6,7). T2DM is a progressive metabolic disorder that involves insulin resistance (8)(9)(10). In the early stage of T1DM, insulin is normally secreted by β cells, but the abnormal and increased demand for insulin in the β cells results in insulin failure (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

APX‑115A, a pan‑NADPH oxidase inhibitor, reduces the degree and incidence rate of dry eye in the STZ‑induced diabetic rat model

et al. 2023

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Dye eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder in patients with diabetes. It has been reported that APX-115A, a pan-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase inhibitor, has an apoptosis-inducing effect on Epstein-Barr virus-infected retinal epithelial cells, but its effects in DED are poorly understood. Therefore, a rat model of diabetes was used in the present study to investigate whether APX-115A has an impact on DED in diabetic rats. A diabetic model was established in male Sprague Dawley rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The eyeballs of the rats were treated with a solution containing APX-115A or a saline control. Tear secretion was measured with the phenol red thread tear test, and the morphology of the eyeball and lacrimal gland tissues was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, localization of NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the eyeball and lacrimal gland tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The APX-115A treatment had no effect on body weight, blood glucose level or the size of the lacrimal glands. However, morphological changes, namely intracellular vacuoles and acinar atrophy, were observed in the lacrimal glands of the diabetic rats, and APX-115A treatment attenuated these changes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NOX2 expression was decreased in the lacrimal glands of the diabetic rats, and APX-115A treatment did not attenuate the reduction in NOX2. The corneas of the diabetic rats treated with APX-115A exhibited no change in thickness but had lower NOX2 expression levels compared with those of the control diabetic rats. APX-115A also increased tear secretion and ameliorated the histological changes associated with diabetes. Furthermore, the NOX2 expression levels in the corneas of the diabetic rats treated with APX-115A were restored to the levels observed in normal rats. These findings suggest that APX-115A has potential as a therapeutic agent for DED.

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Psychobiology of Appetite and Food Reward in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role for Exercise?

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Effects of Exercise Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Abdominal Obesity and Low Thigh Circumference (EXTEND): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Exercise Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Abdominal Obesity and Low Thigh Circumference (EXTEND): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Practical strategies to manage obesity in type 2 diabetes

APX‑115A, a pan‑NADPH oxidase inhibitor, reduces the degree and incidence rate of dry eye in the STZ‑induced diabetic rat model

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