Psychologic Changes in Addison's Disease

Urinary free cortisol secretion in habitually violent offenders

“…In primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) the reported psychological symptoms include not only apathy, negativism, and loss of interest, but also some degree of irritability and periodic disturbances of temper, activity and drive (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). These symptoms can all be found in violent antisocial personality and in undersocialized aggressive conduct disorder, while only some of the latter are encountered in intermittent explosive disorder.…”

Hypoadrenalism presenting as a range of mental disorders

“…Although depression is known manifestation of hypoadrenalism,2–4 the association between depression and hyponatraemia has only been described in one case report 7. We describe in this case report how hyponatraemia on its own and the intermittently manifested hypocortisolaemia can lead to a range of mental disturbances.…”

“…Hypoadrenalism directly2–4 and indirectly through hyponatraemia5 6 could have contributed to the development of delirium and delusional ideas. Subsequent depression could have also been caused directly by hypoadrenalism 2–4.…”

“…Subsequent depression could have also been caused directly by hypoadrenalism 2–4. However, the association between depression and hyponatraemia is only described in one case report 7…”

“…Hypoadrenalism directly2–4 and indirectly through hyponatraemia5 6 could contribute to the development of delirium and delusional ideas. Although depression is known manifestation of hypoadrenalism,2–4 the association between depression and hyponatraemia has only been described in one case report 7.…”