Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Afridi, Muhammad Iqbal

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69078

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Menopause is defined as the time in a woman’s life when there has been no menstrual period for 12 consecutive months [ 1 ]. Although menopause is a normal and natural physiological process in a woman’s life, it can negatively affect [ 2 , 3 ] the one-third of their lifetime after menopause [ 4 ]. Studies have shown the negative impacts of menopausal symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) [ 5 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychometric properties of the Persian menopause rating scale

et al. 2020

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Background: To measure the severity of menopausal complaints and determine the pattern of menopausal symptoms, a valid and reliable instrument is needed in women's healthcare. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is one of the best-known tools in response to the lack of standardized scales. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the MRS in an Iranian example. Methods: Participants were randomly selected from women referred to healthcare centers in Miandoab, West Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 330 questionnaires were completed (response rate of 96.9%). Two samples were considered for analysis in the validation process. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first sample (n 1 = 165), and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done using a second study sample (n 2 = 165). The psychometric properties process was concluded with assessment of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The EFA with Principal Component Analysis extracted three factors explaining 75.47% cumulative variance. The CFA confirmed a three-factor structure of the 11-items MRS. All fit indices proved to be satisfactory. The relative chi-square (χ2/df) was 3.686 (p < .001). The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of the model was .04 (90% CI = .105-.150). All comparative indices of the model, including the Comparative Fit Index, Normed Fit Index, and Relative Fit Index, were more than .80 (.90, .87, and .80, respectively). For the overall scale, Cronbach's alpha was .931, whereas the alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.705-0.950. The intraclass correlation was .91 (95% CI = .89-.93), p < 0.001. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the Persian model of the MRS is a valid and reliable scale. As a screening tool, the Persian MRS could be used to identify the pattern of symptoms among menopausal, premenopausal, and postmenopausal women to care for and educate them on how to identify and treat the symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychometric properties of the Persian menopause rating scale

et al. 2020

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“…In this case, menopause is not considered a high-risk phase for psychiatric illness; however, it can be a time of psychological stress that, if not properly monitored, can evolve into a mood disorder, such as depression. 35 In the scientific literature, there is a debate regarding climacteric stages and their association with emotional state. In some studies, premenopausal women show greater depressive symptoms than postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors and Adherence to Treatment in Men, Premenopausal and Menopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Florez¹,

Aquilera²,

Roca-Chiapas³

et al. 2021

PRBM

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Introduction Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that begins in adulthood, and is caused by multiple factors. The onset of menopause involves changes that predispose women to the development of T2DM, which can worsen if the adherence to treatment is inadequate due to psychosocial factors or medications. The present study aims to describe the psychosocial factors that may affect adherence to treatment among men and premenopausal and menopausal women with T2DM. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 96 patients with T2DM, who were divided into three groups: 1) men (n=32); 2) premenopausal women (n=32); and 3) menopausal women (n=32). Somatometric and metabolic control data were obtained. Adherence to treatment and psychosocial factors were evaluated: social support, belief in conventional medicine, disease denial, and depressive symptoms. Results Adherence to medication had a negative correlation with depressive symptoms in men (p <0.001) and menopausal women (p <0.021). Dietary adherence had a positive correlation with belief in conventional medicine in men (p <0.037) and premenopausal women (p <0.029). Conclusion Medication adherence in men and menopausal women was correlated with fewer depressive symptoms. Adherence to diet in men and premenopausal women was correlated with greater belief in conventional medicine. The results show the diversity of psychosocial factors among the groups that must be addressed in order to improve adherence.

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“…This can add irritability, which is the most frequent problem and the one that most affects social activities. 6,7 Vasomotor symptoms: hot flashes and night sweats constitute the most characteristic clinical manifestations of the climacteric, affecting the quality of life, even decreasing libido, causing irritability, fatigue, an embarrassment in public, anxiety, and depression.…”

Section: Psychological Changes In Climacteric and Menopausementioning

confidence: 99%