BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Notwithstanding several studies pointing to a relationship between psychological aspects and pain, the scientific literature still lacks articles specifically addressing the psychological assessment process. This study aimed at answering to three questions: Why, when and how to refer painful patients to a psychological assessment? With this, we intend to cooperate with professionals of different areas by offering them guidelines about major indications for psychological assessment, what should be expected from this process and how to effectively refer patients.