Psychological, clinical and instrumental-laboratory methods for the diagnosis of the usage of psychoactive substances by somatic patients in the practice of family medicine

Abstract

Background. The use of psychoactive substances among the population of different countries of the world, in particular in Ukraine, is one of the most significant medical and social problems of our time. The situation is even more threatening due to not only the mental and behavioral consequences of the use of surfactants, but also somatic. These comorbid disorders are severe and sometimes complete with mortality, especially in adolescence, young or adult age. In the view of modern medical reform in Ukraine, family doctors have a wide range of professional functions at the primary level of medical care, which determines the provision of qualification assistance to the contingent under review in full. Until recently, there are no scientific and practical standards on this important topic in the country.
 Objective – determination of criteria for psychological, clinical and instrumental and laboratory methods for diagnosing the use of surfactants in somatic patients in family medicine practice.
 Materials and methods. With the help of clinical-anamnestic, psychodiagnostic, clinical-psychopathological and instrumental-laboratory methods, 220 somatic patients (men – 54%, women – 46%) who use psychoactive substances visited by a family doctor were examined. The study was conducted on the basis of the Center of Primary Health Care in Kiev, during 2017-2018.
 Results. On the grounds of the presented diagnostics, in particular, the developed 4-step specific and quantitative use of various psychoactive substances, the ratio of the nature of psychoactive substances and their somatic consequences was found by medical evidence for the most common pathogenicity profiles: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory. Age, gender and follow-up indicators are presented.
 Conclusion. Clinical-anamnestic, socio-demographic, psychodiagnostic, clinical-psychopathological, instrumental and laboratory criteria for the characteristics of patients with comorbid pathology (use of surfactants with somatic consequences) were determined. Diagnostic psychocorrectional and preventive measures of this category of patients in the practice of family medicine are indicated.