Psychological consequences of brain lesions and ablations.

Fifteen-year stability of some neuropsychological tests in learning disabled subjects with and without neurological impairment

“…The children with "minimal brain dysfunction" (MBD) showed poorer outcome as compared to those without any evidence of brain damage (LD), but generally better outcome than the group with definite neurological impairment (ED) (Spreen, 1982). The results reported here (Table 3) also support persistent deficits over time, and do not support the maturation hypothesis which claims that, as the child matures, many disabilities tend to diminish or disappear (Birch, 1964;Klebanoff et al, 1954;Laufer & Denhoff, 1957). Rather, our findings are consistent with the report that subjects with organic deficits show less improvement and persistent difficulties into later life (Hinton & Knights, 197 1;Kaste, 1971;Silver & Hagin, 1964).…”

“…The purpose of most of these studies was to examine whether the children with learning disabilities "grow out of' associated symptomatology in adolescence and/or early adulthood. Two extreme positions arise from the results: (a) one supporting a favorable outcome in adulthood (Birch, 1964;Bruck, 1985;Klebanoff, Singer, & Wilenski, 1954;Laufer & Denhoff, 1957;Rawson, 1968; 15 YEAH STABILITY OF TESTS IN LD Robinson & Smith, 1962); and, (b) one suggesting persisting deficits (Kaste,197 I ; Mendelson. Johnson, & Stewart, 1971;Silver & Hagin.…”

Psychological function changes among house painters.

“…Also on the visual retention test the expected score, as given time (a complex visual stimulaton) differed significantly between the groups, the mean of the individual differences between simple and choice reaction time was significantly greater for the painters than for the referents. Taking th~s difference is in accordance with the clinical practice of using reaction time measurements in the diagnosis of organic brain dysfunction, a practice which is based on the assumption that diffuse brain damage affects responses to more complex stimuli before it affects responses to simpler ones (16).…”

A Comparison of Brain-Injured and Non-Brain-Injured Mentally Retarded Children on Several Psychological Variables

“…Only those studies comparing organically injured mentally retarded children with presumably organically sound mentally retarded children will be included in the present review. 2 Klebanoff, Singer and Wilensky (25) and Yates (50) have reviewed the literature on implications of organic injury without direct regard to mental retardation.…”