Psychological Consequences of the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) Earthquake

Karancı, A. Nuray; Rüstemli, Ahmet

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00328.x

Cited by 90 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, respiratory symptoms were not found among the health effects of large-scale earthquakes on Turkish victims Basoglu et al 2004;Kilic and Ulusoy 2003;Livanou et al 2002;Tural et al 2004). Only one disaster study on Turkish victims found "trouble in getting breath" as a somatisation symptom (Karanci and Rustemli 1995), and we may not conclude, therefore, that the decrease in respiratory symptoms was culturally influenced, since so little is known about this as a disaster-related finding. The significant decrease in the Turkish victims is a remarkable finding, nevertheless.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

et al. 2008

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Background In the literature, immigrant victims appear to be more vulnerable to health effects of a disaster than indigenous victims. Most of these studies were performed without pre-disaster measurement and without using a control group. Aim The objective of the study is to monitor differences between two groups of victims, Turkish immigrants and indigenous Dutch, in utilization and morbidity as presented in general practice after a man-made disaster. Methods A matched cohort study was performed with predisaster (1 year) and post-disaster (4 years) measurements of patients from 30 general practices in Enschede. Turkish victims (N=303) and Dutch victims (N=606), matched on age, gender and socioeconomic status, were included. Main outcome measures were psychological problems and physical symptoms as recorded by the general practitioner, using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Results The Turkish victims showed higher utilization than the Dutch victims prior to the disaster. In the 1st postdisaster year, both groups of victims showed an increase in utilization, but the increases did not differ significantly. The Turkish group showed no significantly greater increase than the Dutch group in the five most prevalent clusters of health problems (psychological, respiratory, skin, musculoskeletal, and digestive). Conclusion The Turkish victims in general practice were as vulnerable as the Dutch victims for the effects on their health of this man-made disaster. Differences between Turkish and native Dutch victims of this man-made disaster can largely be explained by the differences that existed already before the disaster.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

et al. 2008

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“…With regards to "Past Disaster Experience", contrary to expectations, this thesis did not find a significant relationship between disaster experiences and risk perceptions; hence it fails to support the Greening et al (1996) and Karanci and RÜStemli (1995) studies. It does, however, provide some possible explanations for this result.…”

Section: Research Question 3: Internal Information Sources Influence contrasting

confidence: 92%

“…This category clearly suggests that phobia about potential or future earthquakes prevails in destinatons vulnerable to disaster, supporting Karanci and RÜStemli (1995). Similarly, as Zhu et al (2011) stressed, residents perceived the high likelihood of an earthquake in Mianzhu City before the event, making it clear that this psycho-physical risk of earthquake anxiety is inevitable for tourists at a destination with high seismic activity.…”

Section: Earthquake Anxietymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Previous studies (Bland, O'Leary, Farinaro, Jossa, & Trevisan, 1996;Karanci & RÜStemli, 1995;Neria, Nandi, & Galea, 2008;Norris, 2006;North et al, 2011;Suls, Rose, Windschitl, & Smith, 2013) have acknowledged that the length of a traumatic disaster and the timing of assessment are important points that can contribute to anxiety levels. Some scholars (Galea et al, 2004;Nandi, Galea, Ahern, & Vlahov, 2005) defined time by measuring the disaster experience in the context of terrorism within 12 months of the event.…”

Section: Research Question 3: Internal Information Sources Influence mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travel risk perceptions, travel intentions and influencing factors: A natural disaster context

Lenggogeni¹

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While studies of tourist risk perceptions and travel intentions have focused on terrorism, political instability, and outbreak diseases, limited studies have focused on natural disasters, despite the increased impact of disasters. Such events not only cause physical devastation to a tourist destination, but can affect future travel to the effected destination. Natural disasters can create risks for potential tourists which may influence their travel intentions. Thus understanding these risks and how they influence travel intentions is vital.To date, while abundant research is attempting to understand the effect of disasters on risk perceptions, and its subsequent impact on travel intention, questions remain unanswered.Conceptually research should be conducted using a bottom up approach to understand risk perceptions and the factors which can influence risk perceptions. Researchers agree that risk is a multidimensional construct that is context specific, thus more research is needed in the context of natural disasters rather than relying on studies that have explored other types of risks that may not be relevant. In addition, the domestic tourist as a market has been ignored in past studies, which tend to focus on international tourists. In order to address these gaps, this thesis develops a holistic understanding of risk perceptions and the factors that affect the travel intentions of domestic tourists in a destination vulnerable to natural disasters. Accordingly, there are three research objectives in this thesis. First, a bottom up approach is used to identify disaster specific risk dimensions. Second, to understand the relationships between the dimensions of travel risks, the factors that influence travel risk perception and travel intention. Third, to investigate how the dimensions of risk, and the factors that influence risk perception affect the travel intention of domestic tourists to destinations prone to natural disasters. Hence, a mixed method sequential method approach was applied.Initially 52 respondents completed a semi-structure interview. The results were then verified by 605 respondents in a mall intercept survey. The study area was West Sumatra, Indonesia which is one of the most disaster prone destinations in the world, yet it is also considered one of top ten domestic tourist destinations in Indonesia. The thematic analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Partial least square -Structural equation modelling helped to untangle the complex interrelationships between the risk dimensions, travel intentions and influencing factors.iii Firstly, this thesis uncovered seven dimensions of travel risk in the context of natural disasters. They consist of government preparedness, helplessness, tsunami, feeling trapped, earthquake anxiety, mitigation awareness and mythical beliefs. Many of these risks are consistent with risks found in other context; however two risks (mitigation awareness and mythical beliefs) were also identified. This finding suggests that risk perceptions are context specific ...

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“…Many factors have been identified as having an impact on the mental health of populations affected by disasters and contributing to the severity of PTSD: female gender [2,3,5,6,11,16,17,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32], older [3,6,28,32,33,34] or younger [8] age at trauma, lower education [1,2,6,22,25,26,28,31,35], previous psychiatric illness [2,3,36], fear of death at the time of the earthquake [3,24,25,29,37,38,39], degree of exposure to earthquake [1,11,21,32,35,40], closer proximity to the epicentre [31], loss of close ones [2,24,26,40,41], property or resource loss [1,4,11,16,23,28,29,42], having been trapped/injured under rubble and participation in rescue work [3,29,37,43], greater number of traumatic experiences [5], relocation after a disaster [44,45], and less social support [1,4,11,35,46]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Stress Reactions and Associated Factors in the Help-Seekers after the L’Aquila Earthquake

et al. 2012

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Background: The assessment of acute stress reactions and psychiatric symptomatology shortly after the occurrence of a traumatic catastrophic event, like an earthquake, is essential for implementing relief activities and for the identification of the long-term aftermath. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological distress and the occurrence of acute stress disorder (ASD) among individuals seeking help at the General Hospital Psychiatric Unit at San Salvatore Hospital following the earthquake at L’Aquila. Factors (sociodemographic, coping strategies, event-related and postevent variables) associated with the acute stress reactions were also assessed. Methods: For the first 4 weeks following the earthquake, 122 help-seekers were assessed with a checklist of traumatic-event-related variables. Measurement instruments included the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) for the detection of ASD according to DSM-IV criteria, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for assessing psychological distress, and the Brief Cope questionnaire for assessing coping strategies. Results: Despite the high level of psychological distress (GHQ-12 ≥20, cut-off value) found in 65.6% of the subjects, only 6 subjects (4.9%) could be considered affected by ‘full’ ASD, whereas 48 subjects (39.3%) could be considered affected by ‘partial’ ASD, which is defined as showing at least one symptom on each DSM-IV criterion as evidenced by scoring higher than 3 on each SASRQ scale. The strongest predictor of traumatic stress reactions among all the predictor variables included in our study was having been trapped/injured under rubble during the earthquake, and among earthquake stressors (explaining 20% of variance in our model), a weaker predictor was the loss of personal privacy because of home displacement. In our model, more variance (39%) was explained when individual psychopathological variables and coping styles were also included as predictors. Showing coping strategies as exhibiting ‘behavioural disengagement’ or ‘requesting emotional support from others’ were found to increase the likelihood of a positive estimate of being an ‘ASD case’, while the adoption of an ‘acceptance’ coping style seemed to reduce the likelihood of the positive estimate of being an ‘ASD case’. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of identifying ASD subsyndromal cases and taking appropriate intervention/prevention measures that focus on giving psychological support to individuals trapped/injured under rubble, showing a low acceptance of reality. A relevant underestimated source of distress was the dislocation in large accommodation settings (such as large tent camps) in which individuals lack privacy.

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Psychological Consequences of the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) Earthquake

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

Travel risk perceptions, travel intentions and influencing factors: A natural disaster context

Acute Stress Reactions and Associated Factors in the Help-Seekers after the L’Aquila Earthquake

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