Psychological correlates of the Type A behavior pattern

Chesney, Margaret A.; Black, George; Chadwick, Joseph H.; Rosenman, Ray H.

doi:10.1007/bf00844272

Cited by 191 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The significant associations of the Type A scores with neuroticism, trait anxiety, trait tension, and hostility suggest Type A to be associated with sustained high levels of psychophysiological arousal. These conclusions are consistent with those of Irvine et al (1982) with regard to the JAS, and those of Chesney et al (1981) and Smith (1984) with regard to the FTAS. The present study also found a significant correlation between Type A (on both the JAS and FTAS) and psychoticism scores on the EPQ.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Psychological correlates of the Type A behaviour pattern in coronary angiography patients

Langeluddecke¹,

Tennant²

1986

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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The convergent validity of two popular self-report Type A questionnaires (the Jenkins Activity Survey and Framingham Scale), and their association with personality traits related to Type A, affective states and traits, and history of nervous illness, were assessed in a sample of 92 coronary angiography patients. The correlation between the two Type A measures, although significant, was modest. Both Type A measures had strong associations with standard personality traits (neuroticism and trait tension). The Framingham Scale was strongly correlated with distressing psychological states (tension, anxiety and depression) while the JAS showed a lesser association with these measures. The implications of these findings in terms of the convergent validity of the two Type A measures, and the independence of the Type A concept from other personality and emotional variables, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Psychological correlates of the Type A behaviour pattern in coronary angiography patients

Langeluddecke¹,

Tennant²

1986

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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“…Later studies however have found that the hostility/anger items of the Type A/B scales both differentiate between these personality types (Rosenman, Rahe, Borhani, & Feinleib, 1976;Chesney, Black, Chadwick, & Rosenman, 1981) Dembroski, Dimsdale and Hackett (1985) found that Global TABP (substantially correlated with explosiveness of speech, rapid-acce1erated speech and response latency) was completely unrelated to the severity of coronary artery disease. In this study, anger-in was the strongest predictor of CHD, and these results were consistent with an earlier study (Dembroski et al, 1985) in which potential for CHD was predictive only for those individuals who did notexpress their hostility openly.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and denial as predictors of cardiovascular reactivity in women

Emerson

Harrison

1990

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Behavioral and physiological reactivity, and its relationship to cardiovascular disease has been studied in men for a number of years, and the expression of anger has been identified as a possible contributing factor. Few studies, however, have focused specifically on the reactivity of women, and those which have suggest that women are less reactive to laboratory tasks than men. For the present study, 45 undergraduate women, ages 19-21 were selected from a larger sample of 135 women to represent three discrete groups: (1) low anger/low denial, (2) high anger/low denial, and (3) low anger/high denial, based on their scores on the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, 1 and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. It was hypothesized that the three groups would show reliable differences in heart rate and blood pressure during presentation of a stressful laboratory stimulus, the Stroop Color and Word Test. Each subject received three counterbalanced conditions: (1) no feedback, (2) error feedback without observer present, (3) error feedback with observer present. As hypothesized, women who reported a high level of denial and a low level of anger exhibited reliably greater systolic blood pressure to the no-feedback condition than subjects who reported low levels of denial and anger. The hypothesis that all groups°w ould display greater reactivity in a condition which T provided error feedback with observation was not supported. (Eliot, Buell & Dembroski, 1982;Obrist, 1981). The reasons for this are still somewhat unclear.Investigations of the etiology and effects of hyperreactivity have followed three independent, yet seemingly related, lines of research. As early as 1911, Walter Cannon addressed the association between anger and the neuroendocrine mediation of the "fight-flight" response, the physiological reactivity associated with the mobilization of energy. Much later, in the early 1950's, investigators studying the relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and hypertension found that Cardiovascular Reactivity 1 compared to normotensives, hypertensive individuals manifested larger systolic blood pressure increases to stimuli which elicited both pain and anger (Schacter, 1957).Concurrently, other researchers utilized a harrassment paradigm with men to study the effects of psychological stress on hypertension. They found that individuals could be grouped according to whether or not they expressed their feelings (especially those of anger and anxiety), and that these groups evidenced differential degrees of reactivity in blood pressure and heart rate (Funkenstein, King, & Drolette, 1954).A third line of investigation focused on coronary heart disease. Friedman and Rosenman (1961) (1982), Contrada (1984), and. A 1 portion of this data will be discussed here. (Glass, 1983;Eliot, 1979;Haft, 1974; Raab, Chaplin, & Bajusc, 1989; Ardlie, Glew, & Schwartz, 1968). These effects have been observed in animals (Manuck, Kaplan, & Clarkson, 1983a;1985a) and also in acute and chronic studies of humans (Franke...

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“…May & Kline, 1987), the total score appears unrelated to extraversion (Furnham, 1984;Irvine etal., 1982;Langeluddecke & Tennant, 1986;May & Kline, 1987;Ray & Bozek, 1980). Since different measures of Type A have not always been found to be highly interrelated themselves (Chesney et al, 1981 ;Langeluddecke & Tennant, 1986;Mathews, Krantz, Dembroski & MacDougall, 1982), caution must be exercised when generalizing across measures. The Framingham Type A Scale used in the present study, or shorter versions of it, have been shown to be positively correlated with psychological distress and neuroticism (Chesney et al, 1981 ;Cramer, 1990;Haynes et al, 1978;Langeluddecke & Tennant, 1986;Smith, Houston & Zurawski, 1983 ;Smith & O'Keeffe, 1985) but unrelated to extraversion (Langeluddecke & Tennant, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type A behaviour pattern, extraversion, neuroticism and psychological distress

Cramer

1991

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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The factorial structure of a nine-item Framingham Type A Scale, the 30-item General Health Questionnaire, the 57-item Eysenck Personality Inventory and a 20-item checklist of predominantly physical symptoms was examined in a nationally representative sample of 3065 women and 2520 men. For both women and men, the six principal components extracted from the 116 items and orthogonally rotated clearly corresponded to the six variables of psychological distress, neuroticism, symptoms, extraversion, the Lie scale and the Type A behaviour pattern. While Type A was positively correlated with neuroticism, psychological distress, extraversion and symptoms, there was no support for the idea that it could be more parsimoniously subsumed under these variables. Type A also showed a significant but very small positive association with self-reported coronary heart disease in men, although the correlations between heart disease and psychological distress, neuroticism and symptoms were more positive.

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Psychological correlates of the Type A behavior pattern

Cited by 191 publications

References 31 publications

Psychological correlates of the Type A behaviour pattern in coronary angiography patients

Psychological correlates of the Type A behaviour pattern in coronary angiography patients

Anger and denial as predictors of cardiovascular reactivity in women

Type A behaviour pattern, extraversion, neuroticism and psychological distress

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