Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background: COVID-19-related mental health problems are considered a public health challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom among the general population of the federal state of Tyrol, Austria.Methods: Residents of Tyrol aged ≥ 18 years were recruited via dissemination of a link through social media and other advertisements and invited to complete an online survey from June 26th to August 20th, 2020. Next to the collection of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related variables the Brief Symptom Checklist (BSCL), the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TILS), and the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-Short Form (MSBS-SF) were used to assess psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom.Results: 961 participants took part in the survey (68.3% woman). Of these, 14.4% were burdened from psychological distress (BSCL), 22.6% reached a TILS score ≥ 7 and were therefore classified as severely lonely, and boredom levels lay by a mean of 25.9 ± 11.0 points in the MSBS-SF (range: 7–56). Women, singles, low-income people as well as those who were unemployed were significantly more often affected by all of the selected outcomes compared to the remaining sample and they had significantly more frequently consumed alcohol or other substances since the outbreak of the pandemic in order to feel better. In addition, young and middle-aged adults were particularly burdened by loneliness and boredom.Discussion: Our findings identify vulnerable groups and factors associated with higher psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom in the context of the pandemic. In order to prevent mental health problems it will be critical to identify options of maintaining social contacts and remaining active despite pandemic-related restrictions.

Mental health in individuals with severe mental disorders during the covid-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation

“…Women, younger individuals, and people with pre-existing mental health conditions presented with particularly high levels of psychological distress, which corroborates the results of previous studies from different countries 6 , 7 , 9 , 22 – 27 . In line with the findings of a recent study from the United States 28 , 13.9% of control subjects (67/481) reported psychological distress at baseline relative to 13.1% at follow-up.…”

The Mediating Role of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress and Loneliness Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria Between the First and the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…All over the world, the prevalence of psychological distress (8)(9)(10) and loneliness (11,12) has increased in the context of the pandemic. Moreover, boredom is a major issue during lockdown that particularly affects women, singles, unemployed, and low-income people (13). In this context, it is important to foster protective factors that can contribute to maintaining psychological stability.…”

The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria

“…Findings of the baseline survey are presented in Tutzer et al ( 14 ) and Chernova et al ( 15 ). Of the 961 baseline participants, 384 took part in the follow-up survey.…”

“…Women, single people, and low-income or unemployed people were particularly burdened by these outcomes. Moreover, study participants aged 19–49 reported to be particularly affected by loneliness and boredom ( 14 ). Importantly, the relationship between both study participants' sex and partnership situation and psychological distress and severe loneliness was mediated by resilience, and the relationship between participants' partnership situation and psychological distress was mediated by extraversion ( 15 ).…”