Psychological effects of continuation versus discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy by estrogen implants: A placebo-controlled study

Pearce, Jane; Hawton, Keith; Blake, Fiona; Barlow, David H.; Rees, Margaret; Fagg, Joan; Keenan, J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00265-6

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…4) Three randomized studies (one single blind) lack placebo controls and showed either no effect (326,327) or positive effect (328) of MHT on mood symptoms in nondepressed perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. 5) One double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of estradiol implants presents multiple methodological confounds (329).…”

Section: Rctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Santen

Allred

Ardoin

et al. 2010

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

566

365

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major conclusions related to the overall benefits and risks of MHT expressed as the number of women per 1000 taking MHT for 5 yr who would experience benefit or harm. Primary areas of benefit included relief of hot flashes and symptoms of urogenital atrophy and prevention of fractures and diabetes. Risks included venothrombotic episodes, stroke, and cholecystitis. In the subgroup of women starting MHT between ages 50 and 59 or less than 10 yr after onset of menopause, congruent trends suggested additional benefit including reduction of overall mortality and coronary artery disease. In this subgroup, estrogen plus some progestogens increased the risk of breast cancer, whereas estrogen alone did not. Beneficial effects on colorectal and endometrial cancer and harmful effects on ovarian cancer occurred but affected only a small number of women. Data from the various Women's Health Initiative studies, which involved women of average age 63, cannot be appropriately applied to calculate risks and benefits of MHT in women starting shortly after menopause. At the present time, assessments of benefit and risk in these younger women are based on lower levels of evidence.

show abstract

Section: Rctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Santen

Allred

Ardoin

et al. 2010

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

566

365

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As reviewed by Soares, several studies have shown the effectiveness of ERT in reducing depression while others have not. 37,40,[54][55][56] The negative studies have used conjugated estrogen and both peri-and post-menopausal women. Estrogen has been shown to help sub populations of women with depression.…”

Section: Insomnia and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause Related Sleep Disorders

Eichling

Sahni

2005

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep difficulty is one of the hallmarks of menopause. Following recent studies showing no cardiac benefit and increased breast cancer, the question of indications for hormonal therapy has become even more pertinent. Three sets of sleep disorders are associated with menopause: insomnia/depression, sleep disordered breathing and fibromyalgia. The primary predictor of disturbed sleep architecture is the presence of vasomotor symptoms. This subset of women has lower sleep efficiency and more sleep complaints. The same group is at higher risk of insomnia and depression. The "domino theory" of sleep disruption leading to insomnia followed by depression has the most scientific support. Estrogen itself may also have an antidepressant as well as a direct sleep effect. Treatment of insomnia in responsive individuals may be a major remaining indication for hormone therapy. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) increases markedly at menopause for reasons that include both weight gain and unclear hormonal mechanisms. Due to the general under-recognition of SDB, health care providers should not assume sleep complaints are due to vasomotor related insomnia/depres-sion without considering SDB. Fibromyalgia has gender, age and probably hormonal associations. Sleep complaints are almost universal in FM. There are associated polysomnogram (PSG) findings. FM patients have increased central nervous system levels of the nociceptive neuropeptide substance P (SP) and lower serotonin levels resulting in a lower pain threshold to normal stimuli. High SP and low serotonin have significant potential to affect sleep and mood. Treatment of sleep itself seems to improve, if not resolve FM. Menopausal sleep disruption can exacerbate other pre-existing sleep disorders including RLS and circadian disorders.

show abstract

“…A randomised study investigating changes in a range of psychological domains in a group of 40 women already receiving HRT found no differences on self-reports of cognitive failures between a group who continued with active treatment and a group who were given placebo for two months. 31 Although the evidence supporting the possibility that oestrogen may protect verbal memory postmenopausally is emerging, some authors have suggested that this is far from conclusive at present. 32,33 Those studies providing the most robust evidence -for example, the randomised controlled trials on surgically menopausal women -still leave some important questions unanswered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory and the perimenopausal woman: clinical implications of recent research findings

Hurrell

Slade

2001

British Menopause Society Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oestrogen is thought to have a role in cognitive function, specifically verbal memory. Despite the growing evidence that memory function may be preserved in older women and surgically menopausal women through the administration of oestrogen replacement therapy, the implications for perimenopausal women remain unclear. This paper overviews the literature in this area and suggests that there are insufficient grounds at present to conclude that memory is impaired during the menopausal transition. However, given the lack of information about cognitive function in the climacteric, a number of issues are presented which may be helpful to consider in assessing women during this period who may be experiencing memory difficulties. Some directions for future research are also considered.

show abstract

Psychological effects of continuation versus discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy by estrogen implants: A placebo-controlled study

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Menopause Related Sleep Disorders

Memory and the perimenopausal woman: clinical implications of recent research findings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About