Sport spectating provides numerous benefits for sport organisations and individuals.In this paper we use a positive psychology approach to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption in order to investigate the activation of five domains of well-being: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA).Using a two-study panel research design, we collected qualitative data from a sample of Australian Rules Football consumers. In the first study, we explored how the PERMA domains were activated during the season. Study two included a follow-up interview with eight initial respondents in the off-season. We found evidence of four PERMA domains that were activated in the sport spectator context by a variety of consumer experiences. The emergence of these domains in both studies suggests sport marketers would benefit from actions including: creating more social spaces within their stadiums, hosting regular offseason events, and creating social-media based competitions which promote fan engagement and interactions throughout the calendar year.
EXPLORING PERMA IN SPECTATOR SPORT 3Exploring PERMA in spectator sport: Applying positive psychology to examine the individual-level benefits of sport consumption Sport management researchers have traditionally focused on how to leverage the relationship between individuals and sport organisations to benefit sport leagues and teams.Such research contributes to understanding how sport organisations might best connect with customers to reap organisational benefits (Lock, Funk, Doyle, & McDonald, 2014). Whilst valuable, this perspective focuses largely on the perspective of sport organisations, which detracts attention from the individual-level benefits of spectating. Inoue, Berg, and Chelladurai (2015) illustrate this oversight, outlining a paucity of research attention dedicated to the relationship between sport consumption, and health and well-being. Furthermore, Inoue et al. (2015) note that only 9% of studies exploring this relationship are located in sport management journals, prompting a call for more research in this emerging area. Thus, in this paper we investigate the wider impacts of sport consumption and how specific domains of well-being are activated through sport spectating (Wann, 2006c).Research concerning the health and well-being benefits associated with sport has focused mainly on participation; rather than spectatorship. Existing spectator research, however, focuses on health and physical domains of well-being, devoting less attention to psychological states. A review of 135 relevant spectator manuscripts published between 1990 and 2014 demonstrated that health (47%) and physical well-being (24%) are well researched; however, domains of mental (20%) and social well-being (15%) receive much less attention (Inoue et al., 2015). Despite this weakness, researchers have established that sport spectating and psychological health are conceptually (Wann, 2006c) and empirically related (e.g., Branscombe & Wann, 1...