Psychological Factors that Influences Entrepreneurial Intention Among Women in Nigeria: A Study Based in South East Nigeria

Abstract

The study examined psychological factors that influence women entrepreneurial intention in Nigeria. One hundred and seventeen (117) women were drawn within Enugu metropolis using purposive random sampling technique. Their ages ranged between 18 and 50 years, with a mean age of 22.07. Cross-sectional design was adopted. Job involvement (JI), self-efficacy, goal orientation and entrepreneurial intention scales were instruments used for data collection. Three hypotheses were tested. Step-wise multiple regressions were the main statistics used for data analysis. Results of the regression analysis showed that among the studied variables, only self-efficacy was a significant predictor of women participation in entrepreneurship (p < 0.01). The three dimensions of goal orientation, learning goal orientation, prove (performance-prove) orientation, and avoid (performance-avoid) orientation, were not significant predictors of women participation in entrepreneurship. Similarly, JI did not also significantly predict women participation in entrepreneurship. A good practical implication of the finding of this study is that women who develop high self-efficacy are more likely to be entrepreneurs and that strategies to build high self-efficacy among women are needed to make more women become entrepreneurs in order to enhance national/grass-root development. Limitations were made, while suggestions for further studies were stated.

Entrepreneurial intention of students in Bosnia and Herzegovina: what type of support matters?

“…Many studies dealing with the analysis of entrepreneurial intention are based on this rationale. This rationale is in line with the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) which implies that attitude, subjective norms and perceived control (self-efficacy) predict intention while intention and perceived desire predict behaviour (Isiwu & Onwuka, 2017).…”

“…Entrepreneurial intention refers to "one's desire, wish and hope of becoming an entrepreneur" (Isiwu & Onwuka, 2017). When it comes to antecedents or predictors of entrepreneurial intention, the literature recognizes many factors, as cognitive and psychological traits (Siu, Lo, & Chung, 2013;Isiwu & Onwuka, 2017), social or informal support (Engle et al, 2011), formal or structural support (Goyanes, 2015), etc. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are seen as an intricate link between different actors within a geographic region.…”

“…The entrepreneurial literature deals with various cognitive (Farashah, 2015) and psychological traits (Goyanes, 2015;Isiwu & Onwuka, 2017;Morales-Alonso, Pablo -Lerchundi, & N uñez-Del-R ıo, 2016;Rokhman & Ahamed, 2015), contextual (Gelard & Saleh, 2011;Goyanes, 2015) and other factors that affect entrepreneurial intention. When it comes to supporting factors, authors dealt with formal and informal support (Gelard & Saleh, 2011), structural and state support (Belas, Gavurova, Schonfeld, Zvarikova, & Kacerauskas, 2017), educational support (Belas et al, 2017;Gelard & Saleh, 2011), etc.…”

Motivation of the youth of Bosnia and Herzegovina to start a business: Examining aspects of education and social and political engagement

“…A student-center approach is expected to have better results from a teacher-centered approach when it comes to development of students' characteristics that are more related to entrepreneurial intention. Students with higher self-efficacy which refers to individuals' perception of their own skills and abilities and their competence to perform particular tasks show higher levels of entrepreneurial intention (Camelo-Ordaz et al, 2016;Isiwu & Onwuka, 2017). It is expected that students who have more positive attitudes towards their teachers and education curriculum will acquire the required skills.…”

“…Entrepreneurial literature concentrates on both psychological and external environment variables influencing entrepreneurial intention (Taormina & Kin-Mei Lao, 2007). Many studies indicate the influence of some personality traits on entrepreneurial intentions (Belas, Gavurova, Schonfeld, Zvarikova, & Kacerauskas, 2017), such as goal orientation, the general self-efficacy, job involvement (Isiwu & Onwuka, 2017), individual creativity, self-confidence (Goyanes, 2015), innovation, creativity and detecting opportunities abilities, personal attitude (Francisco Liñ an, Rodr ıguez-Cohard, & Rueda-Cantuche, 2011), psychological factors as need for achievement, propensity to risk, and locus of control (Rokhman & Ahamed, 2015) etc. However, taking into account that the person is surrounded by a wide range of social, economic, demographic and technological factors (Turker & Selcuk, 2009), personality traits cannot be isolated from these contextual factors because they create and shape personalities.…”