2022
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267042
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Psychological health of pregnant and postpartum women before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to influence psychological health of pregnant and postpartum women. Methods We conducted a non-concurrent cross-sectional study among 1145 women living in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, 541 pregnant and 604 postpartum women. We measured psychological health with the Whooley questions, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and compared the scores of pregnant and postpartum women before and during the COVI… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…complete or partial), and which student characteristics played a role in heightened levels of depression and anxiety. This study covered a 15-month period and included three waves of the pandemic, allowing the effect of the initial shock and disruption of the first wave and the effect of adaptation to the restrictions during the two subsequent waves [8] , [36] , [37] . Overall, depression and anxiety scores were significantly lower during the first COVID-19 wave compared to the following waves, suggesting the reoccurrence of the pandemic and lockdown to be an important factor contributing to emotional distress [36] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…complete or partial), and which student characteristics played a role in heightened levels of depression and anxiety. This study covered a 15-month period and included three waves of the pandemic, allowing the effect of the initial shock and disruption of the first wave and the effect of adaptation to the restrictions during the two subsequent waves [8] , [36] , [37] . Overall, depression and anxiety scores were significantly lower during the first COVID-19 wave compared to the following waves, suggesting the reoccurrence of the pandemic and lockdown to be an important factor contributing to emotional distress [36] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We hypothesized that there would be differences in emotional wellbeing based on the initial shock about the pandemic and complete lockdown and being accustomed to the pandemic regulations during the following waves with its alternating partial and complete lockdown regulations, affecting emotional distress (i.e. wearing off or intensifying) [8] , [36] , [37] . We calculated the differences in depression and anxiety between T1 and T2.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Mothers sometimes suffer from various uncomfortable psychological manifestations such as depression and anxiety. [1][2][3] The global postpartum depression rate is 17.22% (3.4% in the general population), with some differences in the distribution of the conditions in each country and region, depending, for example, on socioeconomic levels, race, and climate. 4,5 The prevalence of postpartum depression is 18.80% in Romania (5.00% in the general population), 17.01-21.71% in different regions of the USA (5.90%), 13.53-22.32% in different regions of Asia (4.20%), and 22.99% in Egypt (3.50%).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…. Multiple regression was also applied, indicating that avoidant attachment is a determinant of anxious attachment (R 2 = 0.157, R2 …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%