Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Negative and positive effects in Spanish population during the mandatory national quarantine

Sandín, Bonifacio; Valiente, Rosa M.; García-Escalera, Julia; Campagne, Daniel M.; Chorot, Paloma

doi:10.5944/rppc.28107

Cited by 77 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Spanish citizens were not allowed to leave their homes unless they were considered essential workers, went out for food shopping or for health issues ( Boletín Oficial del Estado, 2020a , b ). Similarly to what has been reported in other places ( Brailovskaia et al, 2020 ; Cénat et al, 2020 ), the negative psychological impact of the lockdown in Spain has already been highlighted ( Giménez-Dasí et al, 2020 ; González-Sanguino et al, 2020 ; Justo-Alonso et al, 2020 ; Sandín et al, 2020 ). Among other emotional symptoms, high levels of depression, anxiety, stress, worries, feelings of loneliness and sleep problems have been reported in adults of various ages ( Justo-Alonso et al, 2020 ; Sandín et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Individual differences related to personal and contextual variables have also been noted. Within the former, the negative emotional impact is higher in women than in men, and in younger than in older adults ( González-Sanguino et al, 2020 ; Justo-Alonso et al, 2020 ; Sandín et al, 2020 ). Resilience -the capacity of dealing with adversities as challenges- has been found to be a protective factor of the psychopathologies related to the pandemic ( Luceño-Moreno et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

et al. 2021

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The strict lockdown experienced in Spain during March–June 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 crisis has led to strong negative emotions. Music can contribute to enhancing wellbeing, but the extent of this effect may be modulated by both personal and context-related variables. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the two types of variables on the perceived efficacy of musical behaviors to fulfill adults’ emotional wellbeing-related goals during the lockdown established in Spain. Personal variables included age, gender, musical training, personality, resilience, and perception of music’s importance. Contextual variables referred to living in a region with a high COVID-19 impact, perception of belonging to a risk group, being alone, having caring responsibilities during confinement, and amount of time of music listening as compared to prior to the crisis. The study was conducted retrospectively during August–December 2020, when the strict lockdown was over in Spain. An online survey was disseminated among the general population and groups of musicians, and the answers of 507 adults (from 18 years on, 73.9% females, 51.3% musically trained adults) were analyzed. Only personal, but not COVID-19 context-related variables, showed an impact on music’s efficacy. The youngest age group of adults and those with musical training reported the highest efficacy of music for wellbeing enhancement, and music’s importance was found to be the main significant predictor of music’s perceived efficacy. Our findings suggest that the people who have been reported to be emotionally more vulnerable during the lockdown, due to either a strong impact on their daily lives or their lower resilience, perceive a higher benefit from musical behaviors. Being musically trained, even for a small number of years, also leads to a perception of higher efficacy of music for the achievement of emotional wellbeing goals. However, this effect is explained by the musically trained individuals’ higher perception of music’s importance. Although musical behaviors can be generally considered as important for wellbeing enhancement, our study highlights who are the potential individuals who could benefit the most from music-related activities for obtaining better levels of wellbeing, at least within the current context of the COVID-19 crisis.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

et al. 2021

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“…The clinical levels of anxiety, depression, and stress found in around one-third of the participants are broadly in line with other similar studies [ 4 , 8 , 13 , 47 ]. The bulk of these studies were conducted in China but there are also similar results from studies in Bangladesh [ 5 ], India [ 7 ], Italy [ 9 ], Vietnam [ 10 ], United Kingdom [ 12 ], and Spain [ 11 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The effects of the pandemic on mental health, both of the frontline health workers actively engaged in the struggle against the disease and of the general population under lockdown, have also been a major area of research as some of the most significant side effects of COVID-19 [ 3 ]. Several studies [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] have reported a considerable rise in adult mental disorders during the COVID-19 lockdown; children’s psychological well-being has also been found to be seriously affected [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Lockdown and Mental Health in a Sample Population in Spain: The Role of Self-Compassion

Gutiérrez-Hernández

Fanjul

Díaz-Megolla

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Previous data support that mental health is affected during pandemic and lockdown situations. Yet, little is known about the positive factors that protect mental health during a lockdown. This study analyzed mental health status—particularly emotional problems—and the role of several sociodemographic and clinical variables; it also explored whether there is a positive relationship between self-compassion and better mental health status. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain with the participation of 917 fluent Spanish-speaking residents in a survey conducted approximately midway through the COVID-19 lockdown. The survey tested for anxiety, depression, and stress using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) to measure self-compassion values, and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVDQ) to assess the degree of risk perceived by participants. Around 30% of the individuals surveyed (recruited by snowball sampling) showed clinically significant levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. The variables most frequently associated with anxiety, depression, and stress were low levels of self-compassion, age, gender, previous physical symptoms, a previous mental disorder, being a student, and perceived vulnerability to disease. We discuss the hypothetical protective role against anxiety, depression, and stress of certain skills such as self-compassion and the possibility that increasing self-compassion may be used to promote better mental health in similar situations.

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“…The mandatory at-home lockdown for the entire Spanish population led to significant habit changes that affect individual well-being [ 18 ]. Although some studies with Spanish samples have been published (i.e., [ 19 , 20 ]), studies are needed at the population level, that would be representative enough to delving deeper into the factors related to the psychological impact of COVID-19 and generalizing the findings to the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Lockdown in the Spanish Population: An Exploratory Sequential Design

Hidalgo

Balluerka

Gorostiaga

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in the Spanish population and to identify what population profiles were most affected. The study used a sequential exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, 40 participants were recruited based on theoretically relevant criteria and the saturation of the information provided by the interviews. In the quantitative phase, a large representative sample was applied. The universe considered was the adult population of Spain. A total of 6789 surveys were conducted. Both the analysis of the narratives of the interviews and the responses to the panel survey showed relevant changes in attitudes and mood swings compared to the period prior to lockdown. These changes include dysphoric moods (i.e., experiences of distress such as sadness/depression, anxiety, rage, feeling of unreality, worry, etc.) and also some euphoric moods (i.e., feelings of well-being, happiness, etc.). A higher number of women were affected than men and a greater increase was observed in younger people. The findings of the study may serve as a basis for detecting needs and providing psychological support, as the symptoms detected as the most common are key for the processes of screening at-risk individuals.

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Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Negative and positive effects in Spanish population during the mandatory national quarantine

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

COVID-19 Lockdown and Mental Health in a Sample Population in Spain: The Role of Self-Compassion

The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Lockdown in the Spanish Population: An Exploratory Sequential Design

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