Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Tunisia: Risk and Protective Factors

Hammami, Amir; Jellazi, Mohamed; Mahjoub, Lobna; Fedhila, Maya; Ouali, Sonia

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754047

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…During the COVID-19 epidemic, health professionals, directly engaged in fight against COVID-19, experience chronic fatigue and stress ( Hammami et al, 2021 ). Medical workers also display compassion fatigue, burnout ( Gawrych, 2021 ; Neto et al, 2020 ), and mental exhaustion ( Alharbi, Jackson & Usker, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sierakowska

Doroszkiewicz

2022

PeerJ

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Introduction The risk of getting SARS-CoV-2 infection, worries about exposing loved ones, anxiety and frustration, emotional and physical exhaustion, burn out, a feeling of being overwhelmed, and struggles and challenges with parenting are a few among many factors that affect nurses’ personal lives and professional functioning. The aim of the research is to assess nurses’ level of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and their sense of self-efficacy, and to learn what coping strategies they use. Methodology/Methods The study was carried out online and based on the diagnostic poll method, using an original survey questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES 10–40), the Mini-COPE questionnaire (0–3), and the Perceived Stress Scale PSS-10 (0–40). The respondent group was made up of nurses (n = 220) who provide health services in inpatient and outpatient health care institutions in the northeastern region of Poland. The statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 13.0 package (StatSoft). The distribution of variables was checked with Shapiro-Wilk tests. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare two independent samples, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare more samples. The adopted statistical significance level was p < 0.05. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine which factors were related to the level of stress. Results The mean age of the participants was 43.3 years. The vast majority were women (96.4). The mean work experience of the nurses was over 20 years (58.2%). A total of 62.3% worked directly with patients in hospitals, including 11.8% respondents working at COVID-19 units and 37.7% working at primary care institutions. The analyses show that the respondents represented a high level of stress (PSS-10 – 20.9), related to their work experience as a nurse (β −0.250, p = 0.014), the number of hours worked a month (β 0.156, p = 0.015), and self-assessed health status (β −0.145, p = 0.037). They declared an average sense of self-efficacy (GSES – 29.1), which significantly depended on the nurses’ places of employment (p = 0.044). Out of stress coping strategies (Mini-COPE), the younger nurses mentioned venting (p = 0.010), instrumental support (p = 0.011), sense of humour (p = 0.013) and self-blame (0.031). Practice nurses also chose the strategy of behavioral disengagement (p = 0.032), and nurse managers chose the strategy of planning (p = 0.018). Conclusions The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to implement some strategies to protect nurses’ mental health and to take extensive prevention measures in critical situations. Special attention should be given to nurses who are younger and have shorter work experience. It is also important to monitor nurses’ working time and health status, and those who work at outpatient health care institutions should be given more support and information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sierakowska

Doroszkiewicz

2022

PeerJ

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“…Among those selected study, most of the study found cross-sectional study (Patra et al , 2020; Phillipou et al , 2020; Ripon et al , 2020; Sankar et al , 2020; López-Moreno et al , 2020; Al-Domi et al , 2021; Ali et al , 2021; Sińska et al , 2021; Vu et al , 2021; Wei et al , 2021; Ceulemans et al , 2021; Chi et al , 2021; Hammami et al , 2021; Jonikas et al , 2021; Madan et al , 2021; Niermann, Bollenbach and Kanning, 2022; Lorenzoni et al , 2022; Mekkawy, 2022), retrospective study (Błaszczyk-Bębenek et al , 2020; Almandoz et al , 2021; Valenzise et al , 2021), literature review (Neira et al , 2021; Andersson et al , 2022), review and mini-review (Arora and Grey, 2020; Bennett et al , 2021; Scapaticci et al , 2022), longitudinal study (Zhang et al , 2020a, 2020b; Herle et al , 2021; Sebastian et al , 2021) and online survey included (Vally and Helmy, 2021; Wilson et al , 2021; Woodruff et al , 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mental health, dietary habits and physical activity were studied in (Ripon et al , 2020; Ali et al , 2021; Chi et al , 2021; Wei et al , 2021; Wilson et al , 2021; Woodruff et al , 2021; Lorenzoni et al , 2022), Mental health and weight-related behavior included in (Almandoz et al , 2021; Madan et al , 2021; Valenzise et al , 2021), physical activity and motivation (Andersson et al , 2022; Niermann, Bollenbach and Kanning, 2022), health behavior (Arora and Grey, 2020; Al-Domi et al , 2021; Woodruff et al , 2021), lifestyle and dietary habits (Sankar et al , 2020; Bennett et al , 2021; Madan et al , 2021; Neira et al , 2021; Scapaticci et al , 2022), mental health status in pregnant and lactating (Zhang et al , 2020a, 2020b; Ceulemans et al , 2021), eating behavior (Błaszczyk-Bębenek et al , 2020; Phillipou et al , 2020; Herle et al , 2021; Sińska et al , 2021; Vu et al , 2021), mental health and behavioral health disorder (Hammami et al , 2021; Jonikas et al , 2021; Vally and Helmy, 2021; Mekkawy, 2022), food habits (López-Moreno et al , 2020) and school closure and screen (Patra et al , 2020; Woodruff et al , 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of nutrition in minimizing mental and health-related issues during COVID-19: a systematic literature review

Sharma

2023

NFS

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Purpose This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the mental health problems during COVID-19 and the role of nutrition in minimizing mental and health-related issues during COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach A literature search was done electronically on April–May 2022 in the databases Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Library, reviewing all the articles published in English. There were no limitations for the study (such as study design, region or any time frame). The quality assessment was done. The beginning database search picked out a total of 654 articles, 47 in PubMed, 575 in Google Scholar, 22 in Cochrane Library and 10 records from other sources. A total of 565 (duplicates found 89) were found after removing the duplicated articles, after reading the title and abstracts were further decreased to 88 full-text articles. These 88 studies went for full-text analysis, which excluded 56 studies and generated a final 32 articles for systemic analysis. The quality of the included study for the systematic review was assessed in two ways: one is evidence-based and another one on the JBI checklist. Findings People in social isolation and home quarantine suffer from severe anxiety, stress, depression, loneliness, anger and panic attack. During COVID-19, the vital role of diet and nutrients in mental health has been acknowledged and helps mitigate COVID-19 infection. Many studies showed stress and anxiety due to increased unhealthy eating and lifestyle practices. Originality/value This review will explain the interlink between diet and mental health because what we eat and think is interconnected with the gut–brain axis. The dietary elements and psychobiotic help in improving the immune system and psychological distress during the pandemic. This paper describes the role of different nutrients, psychobiotics and phytochemicals, to minimize mental and health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also contains a balanced diet plan to withstand COVID-19.

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“…and the French version of Maslach Burn out Inventory (MBI-HSS) [16] to assess the level of burnout. This psychometric instrument consists of 22 items evaluating three dimensions of burnout: Occupational exhaustion (EE) (nine items): 1, 2, 3,6,8,13,14,16,20…”

Section: Data Collection and Variable Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a few Tunisian studies have shown that some caregivers may suffer from psychological impact such depression, anxiety, and insomnia [12][13][14], no study has yet looked at burnout among health workers during this pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burnout syndrome among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross sectional study in Monastir, Tunisia

et al. 2023

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Background Burnout syndrome may affect the safety of frontline healthcare care workers (HCW) and patients. We aimed to measure the prevalence of burnout among HCW in care facilities in Tunisia during the Covid-19 pandemic and to identify its associated factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among HCW practicing during the covid-19 pandemic in health care facilities in the governorate of Monastir. Data collection was carried out using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire composed by three sections: epidemiological and clinical characteristics, professional conditions and the Maslach Burn out Inventory (MBI-HSS). Results This study included 371 HCW. The prevalence of burnout was 77.9% (CI 95%: 73.6% - 82.1%). The severe level was found in 71 participants (19.1%), the moderate level in 115 (31%) and the low level in 103 (27.8%). The distribution of the levels of the burnout dimensions among the participants was as follows: high emotional exhaustion (EE) (57.4%), high depersonalization (DP) (39.4%) and low personal accomplishment (22.6%). The main determinants of burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID 19 pandemic were: working more than 6 hours per day (OR = 1.19; CI95% [1.06; 1.34]), physician function (OR = 1.17; CI 95% [1.05; 1.31]), feeling a negative impact of work on family life (OR = 1.40; 95% CI [1.13; 1.73]), and high personal estimation of COVID 19 exposure (OR = 1.15; CI95% [1.02; 1.29]). Conclusion During the COVID19 pandemic, the prevalence of burnout among health professionals was high. It was related to hard implication in COVID 19 management. Interventions like adjusting working hours, reducing workload, and providing psychological support should be taken.

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Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Tunisia: Risk and Protective Factors

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Stress coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Stress coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Role of nutrition in minimizing mental and health-related issues during COVID-19: a systematic literature review

Burnout syndrome among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross sectional study in Monastir, Tunisia

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