Psychological Models of Schizophrenic Impairments

Cohen, Rudolf; Borst, Ulrike

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71765-9_17

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because the present experiment involved a group of patients with schizophrenia, randomized (instead of blocked) SOA trials were used. It has been shown (e.g., Cohen & Borst, 1987;Zahn, Rosenthal, & Shakow, 1963) that participants with schizophrenia may not be as effective as normal participants in taking advantage of preparatory or anticipatory states in speeded information-processing tasks. Clearly, when SOA is blocked, strategic preparatory advantages might be more likely to emerge, whereas randomized SOAs would reduce this potential advantage for the normal control participants.…”

Section: Experimental Rationale For Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A time course analysis of Stroop interference and facilitation: Comparing normal individuals and individuals with schizophrenia.

Schooler¹,

Neumann²,

Caplan³

et al. 1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using randomized stimulus onset asynchrony (SOAs), the authors traced the time course of Stroop interference and facilitation in normal participants and participants with schizophrenia. Unlike earlier findings using blocked SOAs, singular peaks in interference, facilitation, or both occurred at particular SOAs. The peaks of normal participants and participants with schizophrenia differed. Findings are congruent with a model of Stroop performance that posits individual differences in processing speeds of target and nontarget stimulus dimensions, coupled with critical points in response selection. Participants with schizophrenia also showed more overall interference than normal control participants. A second experiment that added a temporal gap between the distractor word and target color obliterated Stroop effects only for individuals with schizophrenia. These findings provide a new empirical basis for models of Stroop effects. They are also consistent with hypotheses about the importance of the prefrontal cortex for working memory and prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia.

show abstract

Section: Experimental Rationale For Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A time course analysis of Stroop interference and facilitation: Comparing normal individuals and individuals with schizophrenia.

Schooler¹,

Neumann²,

Caplan³

et al. 1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At least three syndromes are suggested through the analysis of symptoms, which include positive symptoms, such as hallucinations/delusions, cognitive disturbances/disorganization, and negative symptoms [Arndt et al, 1991; Klimidis et al, 1993; Peralta et al, 1992; Silver et al, 1993]. In addition, some scientists have thought that schizophrenia is also heterogeneous in etiology [Bleuler, 1911; Carpenter et al, 1985; Cohen and Brost, 1987; Leonhard, 1980; Matthysse, 1978; Slater, 1947; Tsuang et al, 1990]. However, it has not been demonstrated which genetic model is most applicable to schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the polymorphic (GT)n repeat at the dopamine ?-hydroxylase gene in Spanish patients affected by schizophrenia

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The presence of a polymorphic (GT)(n) repeat, a microsatellite repeat, at the human dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene had been previously investigated in healthy people and in schizophrenic patients. The different DBH genotypes had been found to be associated to different DBH biochemical function, but no differences were found in the allelic and genotype frequencies between schizophrenic and control groups. To further clarify the potential involvement of the variation at the DBH gene in schizophrenia we have studied the DBH (GT)(n) repeat in a sample of 47 Spanish schizophrenic patients, in their healthy relatives (n = 72), and in a control population (n = 74). We have been able to identify five different variants of the DBH gene (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) in the different groups. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed that the genotypes as well as the allele frequencies did not differ significantly among schizophrenic patients and the control population. Interestingly, the allelic variant A2 and the genotype A4/A2 were significantly more frequent in schizophrenic patients as compared with their healthy relatives. However, the association of the A2 allele with schizophrenia was not supported by the haplotype relative risk analysis of transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles. Therefore, although it will be important to extend the present analysis in a larger sample of schizophrenic patients and controls, our results suggest that the (GT)(n) does not seem to play a major role in the genetics of schizophrenia at least in this group of Spanish schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:88-92, 2000.

show abstract

“…In line with functional [39]–[43] and structural anomalies [44]–[47] of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, hypofrontality and prefrontal-hippocampal disturbances might underlie impaired temporal information processing in schizophrenia [17], [82]. For the temporal-order reconstruction task, instructions were used to trigger different memorization strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the hippocampus is involved in processing information of new temporal sequences, which enables the motor-perceptual system to simulate the actions of others [37] , [38] . A large number of studies have shown functional [39] – [43] and structural [44] – [47] abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, as well as in the hippocampus [48] – [50] in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, a prefrontal-hippocampal disturbance fits with the assumption of impaired temporal information processing in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Information Processing in Short- and Long-Term Memory of Patients with Schizophrenia

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive deficits of patients with schizophrenia have been largely recognized as core symptoms of the disorder. One neglected factor that contributes to these deficits is the comprehension of time. In the present study, we assessed temporal information processing and manipulation from short- and long-term memory in 34 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 34 matched healthy controls. On the short-term memory temporal-order reconstruction task, an incidental or intentional learning strategy was deployed. Patients showed worse overall performance than healthy controls. The intentional learning strategy led to dissociable performance improvement in both groups. Whereas healthy controls improved on a performance measure (serial organization), patients improved on an error measure (inappropriate semantic clustering) when using the intentional instead of the incidental learning strategy. On the long-term memory script-generation task, routine and non-routine events of everyday activities (e.g., buying groceries) had to be generated in either chronological or inverted temporal order. Patients were slower than controls at generating events in the chronological routine condition only. They also committed more sequencing and boundary errors in the inverted conditions. The number of irrelevant events was higher in patients in the chronological, non-routine condition. These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia imprecisely access temporal information from short- and long-term memory. In short-term memory, processing of temporal information led to a reduction in errors rather than, as was the case in healthy controls, to an improvement in temporal-order recall. When accessing temporal information from long-term memory, patients were slower and committed more sequencing, boundary, and intrusion errors. Together, these results suggest that time information can be accessed and processed only imprecisely by patients who provide evidence for impaired time comprehension. This could contribute to symptomatic cognitive deficits and strategic inefficiency in schizophrenia.

show abstract

Psychological Models of Schizophrenic Impairments

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

A time course analysis of Stroop interference and facilitation: Comparing normal individuals and individuals with schizophrenia.

A time course analysis of Stroop interference and facilitation: Comparing normal individuals and individuals with schizophrenia.

Analysis of the polymorphic (GT)n repeat at the dopamine ?-hydroxylase gene in Spanish patients affected by schizophrenia

Temporal Information Processing in Short- and Long-Term Memory of Patients with Schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About