Psychological monitoring of overtraining and staleness.

Morgan, William P.; Brown, Donna; Raglin, John S.; O’Connor, Patrick J.; Ellickson, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.21.3.107

Cited by 510 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Many studies highlighted the importance of the POMS questionnaire in evaluating mental fatigue in players. 19,20 The results of the present study indicated that SSGNE caused a significant increase in total mood disturbance (TMD), tension and a significant decrease in vigor unlike the SSGE which resulted in no-change. This indicates that SSGNE elicits an increase in negative statements and decreased positive mood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Verbal Coach Encouragement on Rating Perceived Exertion and Mood State during Small Sided Games in Professional Soccer Players

Selmi¹,

Bouassida²

2017

MOJSM

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Abbreviations: RPE, rating of perceived exertion; SSG, small-sided games; POMS, profile of mood state questionnaire; HR, heart rate IntroductionUsually, most coaches used training exercises without the ball to develop soccer players' physical conditioning. 1More recently, scientific research showed that one can maintain or develop the physical capacity while soliciting concomitantly the technical and tactical parameters in the same training session by using soccer specific training exercises, which usually include game.2−4 Furthermore, apart from physiological benefits, SSGs may result in better motivation and developed more positive attitudes.5 The most evident distinction between SSG and other training methods is the presence of the ball, which imposes a specific training soliciting the physical, technical and tactical enhancement with high player enjoyment.6 It has recently been proposed that SSG should be positive for physiological, technical, tactical and psychological enhancement 7 and may be more effective than other training modality in plummeting the possibility of sensitive consequences associated with obtaining lack of mood state.8 Indeed, Los Arcos et al.7 reported that the participation in the SSG can develop both physiological responses and psychological of players. In the same perspective Selmi et al.5 indicated that SSG can be used as a specific type of training for elite soccer players allowing soccer-specifically intensively soliciting their physiological responses while sparing their mood state. During SSGs, the verbal coach encouragement is considered as external motivation provided by coaches and physical trainer. It has been shown to attain high commitment, positive behavior and training adherence for instance.9 To the best of our knowledge no studies examined the effects of the verbal coach encouragement on mood state. Indeed, the verbal coach encouragement would directly impact the physical intensity (such as rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) of players' activity.10 Other studies reported the importance of the verbal coach encouragement on the game intensity and the player's physiological response to SSG. Verbal encouragement is considered as external motivation provided by technical staff. It has been shown to attain high commitment, positive behavior and training adherence for instance, during high-intensity training.9 However, Rampinini et al.4 studied the effect of coaches' verbal encouragement in soccer players' on physiological responses during different modality of SSG: 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 4, 5 vs. 5 and 6 vs. 6 players on small, medium and large pitches area. Researchers indicated that the heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (La) and RPE responses to SSG were significantly higher SSG with verbal coach encouragement in comparison with no-verbal coach encouragement during all SSG formats. Carrying out these various findings, the aim of this study is to compare the mood state, the RPE and %HRmax between SSG with verbal coach encouragement (SSGE) and without verbal coach encoura...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Verbal Coach Encouragement on Rating Perceived Exertion and Mood State during Small Sided Games in Professional Soccer Players

Selmi¹,

Bouassida²

2017

MOJSM

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“…A síndrome do excesso de treinamento afeta uma considerável porcentagem de indivíduos envolvidos em programas de treinamento intensivo. Estima-se em 7% a 20% por temporada a sua incidência em atletas (9)(10)(11) . Atletas em todos os níveis de performance podem desenvolver essa síndrome e um relevante número de sinais e sintomas tem sido associado à mesma.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Um dos instrumentos psicológicos que tem sido efetivo e sensível em detectar sinais que antecedem a manifestação da síndrome do excesso de treinamento (18) é o POMS, "Perfil dos estados de Humor" (1) . Observou-se, por meio de alguns estudos (19) , que o fator fadiga elevado equiparado ao fator depressão elevado, apresentado no gráfico individual do POMS, parece ser o produto do excesso de treinamento, e os fatores depressão, confusão mental e raiva acima do escore padrão, são considerados como estados de alteração emocional. Uma das versões abreviadas do POMS foi validada para o uso em adolescentes (POMS-A) (20) , e posteriormente passou por um rigoroso processo de validação para avaliação em adultos (21) , passando a se denominar BRUMS, Escala de Humor de Brunel.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

A Escala de Humor de Brunel (Brums): instrumento para detecção precoce da síndrome do excesso de treinamento

Rohlfs

Rotta

Luft

et al. 2008

Rev Bras Med Esporte

140

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A síndrome do excesso de treinamento tem uma grande relevância no âmbito esportivo, principalmente no que se refere a atletas de elite que buscam superar seus limites e àqueles que se submetem à prática de atividade física sem orientação especializada. O uso periódico do instrumento POMS, Perfil dos Estados de Humor, tem demonstrado eficácia na detecção de sinais iniciais da síndrome, prevenindo seu desenvolvimento completo. Em 2003, uma de suas versões abreviadas, passou a se denominar BRUMS, Escala de Humor de Brunel. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a escala traduzida para a língua portuguesa juntamente com os dados obtidos em atletas brasileiros, referentes à primeira etapa do seu processo de validação no Brasil. O instrumento foi submetido ao método tradução-tradução reversa. A amostra foi composta por 34 atletas de futebol profissional, do gênero masculino, adolescentes e adultos. A aplicação do instrumento foi efetuada antes e depois de um treino com cargas moderadas e antes e depois de um jogo com cargas de alta intensidade. Para verificar a sensibilidade do BRUMS nas duas situações, foi realizado um teste t de student, entre pré e pós de cada variável, e aplicado uma correlação linear de Pearson, para verificar a relação entre os estados de humor. Os resultados indicaram que a raiva e a confusão mental reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) no treino moderado (adolescentes) e que a depressão, vigor, fadiga e confusão mental aumentaram significativamente no jogo de alta intensidade (adultos). Para verificar a consistência do resultado obtido pelo BRUMS foi realizada uma entrevista semi estruturada junto aos atletas. Os relatos dos atletas em relação às situações de treino e jogo ajudaram a explicar os resultados do BRUMS. Nessa primeira etapa da validação, o instrumento BRUMS mostrou-se sensível e fidedigno na avaliação de estados de humor.Palavras-chave: desempenho desportivo, estados de humor, mensuração, escalas. ABSTRACTThe overtraining syndrome has a great relevance in the sportive scope, mainly as for elite athletes who search to transcend their limits and for those who submit to physical activity practice without specialized orientation. The periodic use of the POMS instrument, Profile of Mood States, has demonstrated effectiveness in the detection of the syndrome's initial signals, preventing its complete development. In 2003, one of its shortened versions, started to be called BRUMS, Brunel Mood Scale. The objective of this work is to present the scale translated into Portuguese language together with the data from Brazilian athletes referring to the first stage of its validation process in Brazil. The instrument was submitted to the translationback translation method. The sample was composed for 34 male professional soccer players, adolescents and adults. The application of the instrument was conducted before and after training with moderate loads and before and after a game with high intensity loads. In order to verify the sensibility of the BRUMS in both situations, a t -student test was...

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“…Psychological states are influenced by the type of activity and the training load (Bresciani et al, 2011;Fry et al, 1993;Morgan et al, 1987). For this reason, sport psychology specialists have sought to develop reliable tests and surveys to determine the psychological state of players.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling in Football Training: The Effect of Two Methods of Training Based on Small Sided Games and Repeated Sprints on Mood and Physical Performance among Footballers

Selmi¹,

Khalifa²,

Zouaoui³

et al. 2017

APE

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The aim of the study was to compare the effect of additional practice/training of small-sided games (SSG) or repeated sprints (RS) on mood state, and physical performance in professional soccer players. Twenty four professional soccer players took part in this study (age: 17 ± 0.19 years). Participants were divided into two groups: small-sided gamed group (GSSG) performed 3 bouts of SSG (3 versus 3 players on 25 × 30 m pitch size) and repeated sprint group (GRS) performed 3 bouts of RS (6 × 40 + 40-m sprint with 20s of passive recovery in-between). Both groups were trained over a period of seven weeks (2 sessions/weeks) with the usual practice. The profile of mood state (POMS), the YOYO intermittent recovery test (YOYOTRT), sprint 10-m and five-jump test were conducted before and after training program. After 7 weeks of training, no changes in mood were determined, but run distance improved in both groups. Sprint time and leg strength improved in the RSG only. Coaches and physical trainers could choose between these two training modalities according to the objective of their training, keeping in mind the brief and intense actions advantages of the RS shown in the present study.

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Psychological monitoring of overtraining and staleness.

Cited by 510 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Verbal Coach Encouragement on Rating Perceived Exertion and Mood State during Small Sided Games in Professional Soccer Players

Effect of Verbal Coach Encouragement on Rating Perceived Exertion and Mood State during Small Sided Games in Professional Soccer Players

A Escala de Humor de Brunel (Brums): instrumento para detecção precoce da síndrome do excesso de treinamento

Modeling in Football Training: The Effect of Two Methods of Training Based on Small Sided Games and Repeated Sprints on Mood and Physical Performance among Footballers

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