Psychological morbidity associated with motor vehicle accidents

Blanchard, Edward B.; Hickling, Edward J.; Taylor, Ann E.; Loos, Warren R.; Gerardi, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90123-6

Cited by 248 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…34 Subsyndromal PTSD was defined as meeting diagnostic criteria for the reexperiencing cluster and either avoidance or hyperarousal clusters, in addition to the other CAPS criteria. 35 We also required this group to exhibit symptoms meeting a total CAPS score > 40, as defined by the authors of the CAPS as signifying moderate or threshold PTSD. 33 Two hundred fifty-eight individuals met criteria for full or subsyndromal PTSD.…”

Section: Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship between PTSD and Physical Activity

Talbot

Neylan

Metzler

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Physical inactivity is linked to health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes, and psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbance has been linked to the same adverse outcomes. We examine the infl uence of sleep on physical activity as a novel approach to understand these relationships. Specifi cally, our objective was to determine whether low sleep quality predicts low physical activity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a disorder associated with sleep disturbance, physical inactivity, and poor health outcomes. Methods: We used data from the Mind Your Heart Study, a prospective cohort study of 736 outpatients recruited from two Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. We assessed PTSD with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, sleep quality using an item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and physical activity by self-report at baseline and again one year later. Hierarchical multiple regression models and structural equation modeling were used to examine the relationships among PTSD, sleep, and physical activity. Results: Sleep quality but not PTSD status was prospectively associated with lower physical activity in a model adjusting for age, sex, apnea probability, depression, body mass index, and baseline physical activity (β = 0.129, SE = 0.072, p < 0.01). Structural equation modeling indicated that the results were consistent with sleep quality statistically mediating the relationship between PTSD status at baseline and physical activity one year later. Conclusions: Worse sleep quality predicts lower physical activity in PTSD, providing possible evidence for a behavioral pathway from disturbed sleep to poor physical health outcomes. Keywords: posttraumatic stress disorder, sleep quality, physical activity Citation: Talbot LS, Neylan TC, Metzler TJ, Cohen BE. The mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between PTSD and physical activity. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10(7):795-801.

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Section: Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship between PTSD and Physical Activity

Talbot

Neylan

Metzler

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…The definition of partial PTSD we used is likely to have resulted in the identification of far fewer subjects with partial PTSD, with this smaller group likely to have more serious trauma related symptoms and impairment . As pointed out in this same study we also found it was often unclear whether previous studies using a definition similar to ours or an alternative definition (Blanchard et al, 1994;Marshall et al, 2001;Schnurr et al, 1993) required minimum symptom duration of ≥1 month (Criterion E) and/or functional impairment (Criterion F) for partial diagnosis. Given the uncertainties surrounding the definition and clinical utility of partial PTSD, we adhered to these restrictions, employing a conservative definition and found it endemic only among female assault victims.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…In this study we employed the definition of partial PTSD originally proposed by Stein and colleagues (Stein et al, 1997), which requires the involvement of all three symptom clusters, unlike other definitions that require various combinations of only two of the three symptom clusters to be present (Blanchard et al, 1994;Schnurr et al, 1993) or less traditional approaches (Marshall et al, 2001). The definition of partial PTSD we used is likely to have resulted in the identification of far fewer subjects with partial PTSD, with this smaller group likely to have more serious trauma related symptoms and impairment .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life course determinants of psychopathology

Betts¹

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Background: Mental health problems are associated with a range of adverse outcomes as well as increased risk of later morbidity and premature mortality. Help seeking is uncommon at the early stages of mental health problems. Rather, treatment is often sought by patients after illnesses have already caused considerable distress or had substantial adverse personal, social and economic impacts. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the role of a number of early life course risk factors in the development of later psychopathology, using advanced statistical and epidemiological approaches applied to longitudinal data to ascertain predictive and causal pathways. The overall scope of this thesis is to provide the evidence necessary for developing primary and secondary prevention programs aimed at reducing the burden of mental illness on society. Aim 1:To investigate the role of intrauterine growth restriction in increasing the risk of psychiatric disorders characterised by negative affectivity. Aim 2:To investigate the potential for a transmission of maternal psychopathology to offspring. Aim 3:To assess whether maternal prenatal infection and exposure to stressful life events predict positive psychotic experiences in the offspring directly, or indirectly via postnatal risks and antecedents of psychosis. Aim 4:To investigate potential risk factors for the increased rates of female post-traumatic stress disorders, including gender-specific vulnerability resulting from physical assault and cognitive ability. Methods:The data came from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a prospective pre-birth cohort study which began in 1981 at the Mater Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. The baseline sample consisted of 7,223 pregnant women attending their first obstetric visit for that pregnancy. Since then follow-ups over 21 years have prospectively ascertained a range of health related data on both mother and child. The current work uses predictor variables and covariates from every measurement period, and behaviour and mental health measures ascertained from the offspring at ages 14 and 21 years. A number of statistical and methodological approaches were applied to estimate the longitudinal association between a number of early life course risk factors and later psychopathology, and to account for attrition. Key findings:The relationship between birth weight and later psychopathology was specific to particular psychiatric diagnoses, namely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, and comorbid Major Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorders. The combination of maternal prenatal depressive, anxious and stress symptoms predicted increased internalising and externalising behaviour problems in adolescent and adult offspring. Prenatal maternal infections and stressful life events predicted later offspring psychotic experiences via the intermediaries of early infant illness iii susceptibility and child behaviour problems respectively. The risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder associated with physical assault and ...

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“…Die Inzidenz psychischer Auffälligkeiten ist in den ersten Wochen nach einem Unfall relativ hoch: bis über 30% der Patienten leiden an depressiven und/oder Angst-Symptomen oder an einer akuten Belastungsreaktion, oder erfüllen mit Ausnahme des Zeitkriteriums die diagnostischen Kriterien der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (Blanchard et al 1994;Bryant and Harvey 1996;Hickling et al 1992;Mayou et al 1993;Ursano et al 1999). Der Symptomverlauf ist bei der Mehrheit der Patienten degressiv; eine substanzielle Minderheit zeigt jedoch atypische Verläufe mit deutlicher Verschlechterung des Zustandsbildes 6 oder sogar erst 12 Monate nach dem Unfall (Schnyder and Moergeli in press).…”

Section: Zur Häufigkeit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen Nach Ununclassified

Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen

Schnyder¹

2003

Praxis

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Plus de la moitié des gens présentent durant leur vie au moins une expérience traumatique selon la définition de la psychotraumatologie moderne. Une partie des personnes concernées développent ensuite des troubles psychiques post-traumatiques. Les critères diagnostiques de la réaction psychique aiguë ainsi que les troubles durables de la personnalité sont présentés dans ce travail. Les troubles psychiques post-traumatiques doivent être traités en première intention par psychothérapie. Les traitements basés sur une approche cognitive et comportementale ont actuellement les meilleurs effets thérapeutiques. Il n'est pas rare que des médicaments psychotropes soient nécessaires. Les antidépresseurs agissant sur les récepteurs à sérotonine sont les médicaments de premier choix. Les benzodiazépines ne devraient être utilisées qu'avec la plus grande réserve en raison des risques élevés de dépendance. Finalement, ce travail présente les facteurs prédictifs qui peuvent faciliter l'identification de patients à risque psycho-social.

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Psychological morbidity associated with motor vehicle accidents

Cited by 248 publications

References 7 publications

The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship between PTSD and Physical Activity

The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship between PTSD and Physical Activity

Early life course determinants of psychopathology

Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen

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