Psychological outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Nurrizka, Rahmah Hida; Nurdiantami, Yuri; Makkiyah, Feda Anisah

doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.05

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It should be noted that this is a self-reported experience and validated psychological measures were not utilised in this study. However, our findings are supported by a recent cross-sectional study in Indonesia of 120 women to assess psychological outcomes during the current pandemic [ 23 ] in which the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was administered as an online survey for pregnant women or women who had recently given birth. Similar to this study, they reported that just over half the sample had anxiety (53.3%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

The effect of COVID-19 on women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in Indonesia: a rapid online survey

McGowan

Astuti²,

Hafidz

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background The interrelationship of psychological and social factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic has been highlighted in research mainly focused on the global north. The impact of lockdowns can exacerbate psychological distress and affect access to services. Less is known about the psychosocial impact on women in the context of lower-middle income countries (LMICs); the aim of this study was to capture the impact of COVID-19 on women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in Indonesia. Methods We conducted a rapid cross-sectional online survey of women across all 34 provinces in Indonesia to capture participants’ experiences. Data were collected between 10th July to 9th August 2020 including demographics, effects on general and mental health and impact on service use. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse responses, including those women who self-identified with a pre-existing mental health problem. Results Responses were obtained from 1137 women, this included pregnant women (n = 842) and postpartum women (n = 295). The majority of women (97%) had accessed antenatal care during their pregnancy, but 84% of women reporting feeling fearful and anxious about attending visits, resulting in some women not attending or changing provider. A small number (13%) were denied the presence of a birth companion, with 28% of women reporting that their babies had been removed at birth due to protocols or baby’s health. Feeling anxious was a common experience among women (62%) during their pregnancy, birth or postnatal period, with a small number (9%) feeling depressed. Lockdown measures led to tensions within personal and family relationships. Conclusions Women in Indonesia reported that the pandemic added an increased burden in pregnancy, birth and post-partum period: physically, psychologically, spiritually and financially. Maternity services were disrupted and health insurance cover lacked responsiveness, which either directly or indirectly impacted on women’s choices, and equal access to care. Given the longevity of the current pandemic there is a need to develop tailored supportive interventions for women and their families and develop bespoke training for midwives and other relevant health professionals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

The effect of COVID-19 on women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in Indonesia: a rapid online survey

McGowan

Astuti²,

Hafidz

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…] 2021 Iran 801 N/A 69 King LS [ 76. ] 2021 US 725 p < 0.001 70 Nurrizka RH [ 77. ] 2021 Indonesia 120 N/A 71 Jelly P [ 78.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…] Sri Lanka 257 2020 Anxiety,Depression HADS-A, HADS-D Zeng X [ 116. ] China 516 2020 Anxiety,Depression,Sleep disorders GAD-7,EPDS, DSM-IV Nurrizka RH [ 77. ] Indonesia 36 2021 Anxiety DASS-21-A Wu Y [ 9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of mental ill-health in women during pregnancy and after childbirth during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Delanerolle

McCauley

Hirsch

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background This systematic review aims to explore the prevalence of the impact of the COVID-19, MERS, and SARS pandemics on the mental health of pregnant women. Methods All COVID-19, SARS and MERS studies that evaluated the mental health of pregnant women with/without gynaecological conditions that were reported in English between December 2000 – July 2021 were included. The search criteria were developed based upon the research question using PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. A wide search criterion was used to ensure the inclusion of all pregnant women with existing gynaecological conditions. The Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale was used to assess the risk of bias for all included studies. Random effects model with restricted maximum-likelihood estimation method was applied for the meta-analysis and I-square statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. The pooled prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, stress, and sleep disorders with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed. Results This systematic review identified 217 studies which included 638,889 pregnant women or women who had just given birth. There were no studies reporting the mental health impact due to MERS and SARS. Results showed that women who were pregnant or had just given birth displayed various symptoms of poor mental health including those relating to depression (24.9%), anxiety (32.8%), stress (29.44%), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (27.93%), and sleep disorders (24.38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion It is important to note that studies included in this review used a range of outcome measures which does not allow for direct comparisons between findings. Most studies reported self-reported measure of symptoms without clinical diagnoses so conclusions can be made for symptom prevalence rather than of mental illness. The importance of managing mental health during pregnancy and after-delivery improves the quality of life and wellbeing of mothers hence developing an evidence-based approached as part of pandemic preparedness would improve mental health during challenging times. Other The work presented in this manuscript was not funded by any specific grants. A study protocol was developed and published in PROSPERO (CRD42021235356) to explore several key objectives.

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“…Of the ten excluded studies, two papers were reviews, seven papers lacked enough data, and one paper was excluded with duplicated data [22] and the updated data were included [23]. Finally, 17 studies [1,8,12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] met the inclusion criteria for this study, including 15,050 pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The details in selected studies were listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for depression and anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from meta-analysis

Luo

Zhang

Huang³

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background The prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women has significantly increased after the spread of COVID-19 throughout the world. We carried out this meta-analysis to reveal the information about risk factors for depression and anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for all articles. The odds ratio (OR) corresponding to the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the risk factors for mental health. The statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the Q-test and I2 statistics. Results We collected 17 studies including 15,050 pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results found that factors including decrease in the perception of general support and difficulties in household finances have damage effects on anxiety, and factors including undereducated, unemployed during pregnancy, with a chronic physical illness before pregnancy, decrease in the perception of general support, difficulties in household finances, disobey the isolation rules, and smoking during pregnancy have increased risk of depression. Conclusion Our meta-analysis revealed some risk factors for mental health in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health interventions in pregnant women may involve targeted methods individually.

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Psychological outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus first broke out in China in December 2019, it has continued to spread [1,2]. The resultant coronavirus disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

The effect of COVID-19 on women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in Indonesia: a rapid online survey

The effect of COVID-19 on women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in Indonesia: a rapid online survey

The prevalence of mental ill-health in women during pregnancy and after childbirth during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Risk factors for depression and anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from meta-analysis

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