Psychological stress enhances noradrenaline turnover in specific brain regions in rats

Iimori, Kenichiro; Tanaka, Masatoshi; Kohno, Yasuko; Ida, Yoshishige; Nakagawa, Ryoichi; Hoaki, Yoshio; Tsuda, Atsushi; Nagasaki, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90429-4

Cited by 136 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Kim et al (9) have reported that Panax ginseng accelerates the recovery of the adrenal ascorbic acid content reduced by stress, and such an anti-stress effect of Panax ginseng is due to its peripheral action rather than a central one. On the other hand, it could not be negligible that central adrenergic systems play an important role in the action of GE as Kim et al have reported (19) and also it has been found that stress exposure activates catecholamine turnover in the brain (20,21). In addition, Kaneto and Inoue (22) have reported that the development of toler ance to morphine is prevented by an a-blocker, phen tolamine, and a ,8-blocker, propranolol, suggesting an imbalance of central adrenergic systems in the under lying mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Stress Effect of Ginseng on the Inhibition of the Development of Morphine Tolerance in Stressed Mice.

1992

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We examined how the ginseng extract (GE) acts on the antinociceptive effect induced by footshock (FS)-, psychological (PSY) and forced swimming (SW)-stress (stress-induced analgesia, SIA), and also on the suppression by FS and PSY-stress of the development of tolerance to morphine in mice. Neither an acute treatment nor 5 daily pretreatments with GE at 100 mg/kg, p.o. affected each SIA. Pretreatment with GE at 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 5 days followed by the treatment in combination with the exposure to stresses for another 5 days caused no appreciable changes in the development of tolerance to FS and SW-SIA, but suppressed the development of tolerance to PSY-SIA. When mice were pretreated with GE for 5 days and given GE daily prior to morphine at 10 mg/kg/day, with stress exposure for another 5 days, the inhibitory effect of FS-stress on the development of tolerance to mor phine was completely eliminated. The present results suggest that GE, by improving the general meta bolism in the body, directs toward normalization of the adaptability which is impaired by stress expo sure, while not compromising morphine antinociceptive activity or the SIA, another adaptability pro duced in confrontation to abnormal environmental stimuli. In addition, the differences in the mecha nism underlying the FS and PSY-stress effect which we have previously demonstrated are also recon firmed.Keywords: Ginseng extract, Stress-induced analgesia (SIA), Anti-stress effect, Morphine tolerance, Tolerance to SIA Much interest has been focused on the ginseng sapo nins which have been used medically for thousands of years in Korea, China and Japan because they possess multiple pharmacological actions mediated by the cen tral nervous system, such as suppression of spontaneous movements (1), facilitation of recovery from exhaustion caused by forced running and by swimming (2, 3), psychotropic effects (4, 5) and blockade of tolerance to and dependence on morphine (6, 7). It is also reported that Panax ginseng normalizes physiological disfunction caused by stress exposure, suggesting that ginseng sapo nin may have a non-specific anti-stress effect (8 10). Meanwhile, we have reported (11 13) that exposure to footshock (FS)-, forced swimming (SW) and psycho logical (PSY)-stress produces antinociceptive effect (stress-induced analgesia, SIA) and also that concurrent exposure to FS and PSY-stress but not SW-stress sup presses the development of morphine tolerance, which is generally considered to be an adaptive response.In this context, it is of interest to examine how the ginseng extract acts on various SIAs and the suppres sive effect of FS and PSY-stress on the development of morphine tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Stress Effect of Ginseng on the Inhibition of the Development of Morphine Tolerance in Stressed Mice.

1992

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“…Tail pinch, forced swimming or predator exposure increased extracellular 5-HT levels in amygdala and PFC (Chaouloff, 2000), whereas exposure to shock and psychological stress decreased the levels of NA in cerebral cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus (Iimori, et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-Maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex.

García-Saldívar

González-López

Monroy

et al. 2014

Acta. Colomb. Psicol.

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) participates in cognitive functions and stress regulation. Noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in some regions of the central nervous system are modified by acute stress. The effects depend on the type of stressor and the time elapsed between the presence of the stressor and the assessment. The aims of the present study were to assess the acute effect of different stressors on NA and 5-HT activities in the PFC and its relation with corticosterone levels. Independent groups of male Wistar rats (250-280 g) were submitted to restraint, footshock or training in the elevated T-maze (ETMT). The animals were sacrificed immediately (T0) or one hour (T1) after stress exposure. An untreated group sacrificed concurrently with treated animals was included as control. Samples of the PFC were dissected and the concentration of NA, 5-HT and their metabolites were measured by HPLC. Corticosterone levels were measured in serum. None of the treatments modified NA levels in the PFC. Animals exposed to footshock or ETMT showed significantly higher concentrations of 5-HT at T0. Restraint and footshock treatments were associated with higher corticosterone levels at T0 and T1 after the respective treatment. Taken together the results show that in the PFC, the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, and the corticosterone levels respond in different ways to different stressors. Key words: Stressors, noradrenaline, serotonin, prefrontal cortex, corticosterona. EFECTOS AGUDOS DE LA RESTRICCIÓN, CHOQUE Y ENTRENAMIENTO EN EL LABERINTO ELEVADO EN T EN LOS SISTEMAS DE NORADRENALINA Y SEROTONINA EN LA CORTEZA PREFRONTAL ResumenLa corteza prefrontal (CPF) participa en las funciones cognitivas y la regulación del estrés. Las concentraciones de noradrenalina (NA) y serotonina (5-HT) en algunas regiones en el sistema nervioso central son modificadas por el estrés agudo. El efecto depende del estresor y del tiempo que transcurra entre el estresor y la evaluación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto agudo de diferentes estresores en la actividad de la NA y 5-HT en la CPF y su relación con los niveles de corticosterona. Grupos independientes de ratas (250-270 g) fueron sometidos a restricción, choque o entrenamiento en el laberinto elevado en T (ELET). Los animales fueron sacrificados inmediatamente (T0) o una hora (T1) después de la exposición al estrés. Un grupo no tratado, sacrificado al mismo tiempo que los animales tratados, se incluyó como control. Las muestras de la CPF fueron disecadas y la concentración de NA, 5-HT y sus metabolitos fue detectada por la técnica de HPLC. Las concentraciones de corticosterona fueron medidas en el suero. Ninguno de los tratamientos modificó las concentraciones de NA en la CPF. Al T0 los animales expuestos a choque o al ELET mostraron concentraciones de 5-HT significativamente mayores que el control. Los tratamientos de restricción y choque estuvieron asociados con altas concentraciones de corticosterona al T0 y a T1 después del tratamiento respe...

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“…This is partly due to differences in the number of injections of the drug and differences in injection time between the acute and chronic studies, i.e., immediately before and 24 hr before stress exposure (the final injection), respectively. Various stresses including immobilization (14)(15)(16)(17)(18), immobilization with tail-shock (28), psychological stress (29), activity stress (30,31) and preshock experience (32) have been reported to cause increases in NA release in the rat brain regions. As shown in these re ports, it has been generally accepted that stress increases NA release in many brain regions of rodents (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, morphine also significantly attenuates stress induced increases in NA release but not the elevation of plasma corticosterone levels (16). Together with the findings that a variety of stressful situations cause increases in NA release in rat brain regions (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), it is indicated that an acute injection of NSP shows the same directional changes as various stresses do. Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of neurotropin on regional brain noradrenaline metabolism in rats.

et al. 1989

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Abstract-By measuring levels of noradrenaline (NA) and its major metabolite, 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-S04), in various rat brain regions, we investigated the effects of an extract isolated from vaccinia virus inoculated and inflamed skin or tissue of rabbits (Neurotropin, NSP), administered acutely or chronically, on regional NA metabolism in stressed and nonstressed rats . An acute administration of NSP at 50 mg/kg significantly elevated MHPG-S04 levels in the amygdala and cerebral cortex; and 100 mg/kg of the drug significantly increased the metabolite levels in the hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, midbrain, cerebral cortex and pons plus medulla oblongata without affecting NA levels. This suggests that acutely injected NSP slightly increases NA release in these brain regions.One hour immobilization stress caused significant increases in MHPG S04 levels, which were not affected by pretreatment with either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of NSP.Chronic injection with NSP daily at either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for 7 days was without effect on NA metabolism in all brain regions examined.However, increases in MHPG-S04 levels caused by stress were sig nificantly attenuated in some regions including the hypothalamus, amygdala and midbrain in chronic NSP-treated rats. This indicates that although an acute admin istration of NSP slightly increases brain NA release, a chronic treatment with NSP rather attenuates increases in NA release caused by immobilization stress in brain regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala and midbrain. This suggests a pos sibility that these attenuating effects on stress-induced increases in brain NA release caused by chronic administration of NSP might be related to the stress reducing or anti-stress properties of NSP.A non-protein extract isolated from vaccinia virus-inoculated and inflamed skin or tissue of rabbits (Neurotropin, NSP for short) has been considered to contain biologically active substances (1). NSP has been demonstrated to possess a variety of anti-stress actions: improvement in various physiological changes including those in organ weights (2, 3), hypotension (4), reduced response to acetylcholine of the isolated duodenum (5), and decreases in gastric blood flow and increases in dermal blood flow (6), caused by a specific stress situation, SART stress (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) which involves both central and peripheral mechanisms (7,8). Moreover, this drug has also been reported to possess anti-ulcer (9), analgesic (10, 11) and anti-allergic actions (12) in animal studies. Clinically, NSP is strongly effective in pa tients suffering from abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system (13). These findings suggest that NSP could protect an organism from various pathological changes caused by a variety of stressful stimuli.By measuring levels of noradrenaline (NA) and its major metabolite in the rat brain, 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-S04), we have reported that immobilization stress causes marked in creases in...

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Psychological stress enhances noradrenaline turnover in specific brain regions in rats

Cited by 136 publications

References 14 publications

Anti-Stress Effect of Ginseng on the Inhibition of the Development of Morphine Tolerance in Stressed Mice.

Anti-Stress Effect of Ginseng on the Inhibition of the Development of Morphine Tolerance in Stressed Mice.

Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-Maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex.

Effects of neurotropin on regional brain noradrenaline metabolism in rats.

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