Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder

Brewin, Chris R.; Holmes, Emily A.

doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(03)00033-3

Cited by 917 publications

(778 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…They are also often blamed by Jews for terrorism and have torn identity, being both Israelis and Palestinians. This suggests a social-contextual element to PTSD risk that has not previously been emphasized in models that highlight the role of traumatic exposure and personal trait vulnerability (Brewin & Holmes, 2003). Because younger adults with poor educational opportunities are overrepresented among the Arab population (i.e., not a sampling bias), they may be particularly vulnerable to see their future as bleak because of the economic and social consequences of the Intifada.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel

Hobfoll

Canetti–Nisim

Johnson

et al. 2008

Journal of Traumatic Stress

213

155

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel

Hobfoll

Canetti–Nisim

Johnson

et al. 2008

Journal of Traumatic Stress

213

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, they have employed cross-sectional designs, thereby limiting conclusions that can be made regarding the direction of the relationships. Second, they have failed to draw upon recent cognitive models of PTSD which highlight the importance of cognitive appraisals in the development and persistence of PTSD (see Brewin & Holmes, 2003). Foa and Rothbaum (1998) highlight two cognitions that may contribute to the development of PTSD; namely, that the world is extremely dangerous and that the self is totally incompetent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional and prospective associations between cognitive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following stroke

Field

Norman

Barton

2008

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Published paperField, E.L., Norman, P. and Barton, J. AbstractThis study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between cognitive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following stroke. While in hospital, stroke patients (n = 81) completed questionnaires assessing cognitive appraisals (i.e., negative cognitions about the self, negative cognitions about the world, and self-blame) and PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were assessed again 3 months later when all patients had been discharged from hospital (n = 70). Significant correlations were found between the time 1 measures of negative cognitions about the self and the world, but not self-blame, and the severity of PTSD symptoms measured at time 1 and at time 2. Regression analyses revealed that cognitive appraisals explained a significant amount of variance in the severity of PTSD symptoms at time 1, with negative cognitions about the self emerging as a significant predictor.In contrast, time 1 cognitive appraisals were unable to explain additional variance in time 2 PTSD severity over and above that explained by time 1 PTSD severity. The findings therefore provide only weak support for Ehlers and Clark's cognitive model of PTSD.

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“…Current models of PTSD place emphasis on cognitive factors, particularly negative appraisals of the traumatic event and/or its consequences, in the maintenance of distress (Brewin & Holmes, 2003;Ehlers & Clark, 2000). Indeed, the identification and modification of unhelpful cognitive appraisals and processes are often essential elements in the treatment of PTSD (Ehlers & Clark, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress symptomatology and appearance distress following burn injury: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

2016

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Objectives: Although many traumatic incidents result in changes to appearance, little research has examined the experience of individuals distressed by such changes in connection with psychological processes involved in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to examine how PTSD and appearance concern associated with burn injury are experienced when both difficulties co-occur. Method: The qualitative method of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to provide a framework for building nuanced accounts of individual experience. In-depth analysis was conducted with interview data obtained from eight women, who were purposively selected on the basis of being distressed in relation to burn scarring, and having symptoms of PTSD. Results:Participants described how changes in appearance were experienced as maintaining a sense of threat through social stigma, and acting as a trigger for re-experiencing the traumatic incident that had caused the burn injury. As such, appearance concern and PTSD symptomatology appeared intertwined within the participantsÕ accounts of their post burn injury recovery. Conclusions: This is the first study to consider some of the processes through which PTSD and appearance concern might be mutually maintained. The results suggest that psychosocial interventions need to be tailored to simultaneously address processes related to concerns about change in appearance and also with traumatic reexperiencing.

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Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 917 publications

References 110 publications

The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel

The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel

Cross-sectional and prospective associations between cognitive appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following stroke

Posttraumatic stress symptomatology and appearance distress following burn injury: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

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