Psychological War Trauma and Society

Keynan, Irit

doi:10.4324/9781315727486

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Clearly, trauma may be even more severe among captives who are subjected to systematic torture for the purpose of extracting information or breaking the prisoners' spirits. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common outcome of such traumatic experiences, and is characterized by multiple symptoms: nightmares, emotional avoidance, loss of interest in the activities of daily life, and hyperarousal (Hunt 2010;Keynan 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of the Absence and Reintegration of a Prisoner of War Father from the Perspective of His Children as Adults

Ben-Asher

Shalev

2015

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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The studied test case presents the adult voices of Israeli children whose fathers were prisoners of war (POWs) in Egypt from 1969 to 1973. The study's findings indicate long-term effects of the captivity on the children of POWs, and that an inner formative experience associated with the period of the father's absence remains despite his return. The findings are explained by means of ambiguous loss theories and by loss and bereavement theories. Recommendations emerge for ambiguous loss to be recognized as a stress situation, and for professional and social assistance to be provided for the family in building a life routine that does not freeze in place, but continues during the father's absence and after his return.

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confidence: 99%

Perceptions of the Absence and Reintegration of a Prisoner of War Father from the Perspective of His Children as Adults

Ben-Asher

Shalev

2015

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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“…At the same time, although carrying out air strikes and the use of excessive force against Gaza has been widely disputed among Israelis, in the face of what seemed to be a potentially recurring past trauma, the majority felt that all means of self-defense are legitimate. Just as posttraumatic individuals tend to respond to actual and perceived threats with a disproportional aggressiveness (Keynan, 2015), so do traumatized groups: when they sense an immediate threat, they tend to agree to the use of disproportional retaliation against the perceived aggressor (Kaufman, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Israeli society is a clear example for the theories discussed in this paper, and the war in summer 2014 is a clear example for the traumatic mechanisms that motivate Jewish Israelis in times of threat. The close relationship between the personal stories of trauma casualties and the overarching story of the national group has developed into a traumatic ethos in Israel, and this ethos has been dictating the county's life since its establishment (Keynan, 2015); a traumatic habitus, which has shaped the entire national mode of thought and conduct. Most Israelis see and interpret every political event, let alone any hostilities, through these traumatic lenses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Holocaust is innate in Jewish Israelis' way of thinking about themselves and about the outside world (Klar, Schori-Eyal, & Klar, 2013;Ofer, 2009) as something that "has become durably incorporated in the body in the form of permanent disposition" (Bourdieu, as quoted in Nash, 1999, p. 179). This may explain why the Jewish Israeli public tends to respond to outside threats in a way that reflects posttraumatic symptoms (Keynan, 2015), a known feature in large groups with massive trauma in their past (Volkan, 2001), and that sometimes works as a self-fulfilling prophecy (Moses, 1983). In Israel's seventh decade, the grip of the posttraumatic behavior seems to be stronger than ever.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Collective Trauma and National Behavior in Times of Threat—The Israeli Public and the 2014 War in Gaza

Keynan¹

2016

JCRS

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This paper analyzes the impact of past trauma on national behavior in times of threat, applying Volkan's (2001, 2004) theory of multigenerational impact of trauma on large groups, and La Capra's (2014) theory of the use of the concept of individuals' trauma for understanding the behavior of traumatized collectives. The study of the Israeli response to the abduction and murder of three teenagers in summer 2014 is consistent with these theories, and shows how a collective with trauma in its past behaves similarly to a posttraumatic person. The paper contends that due to its traumatic past, the Jewish Israeli public perceived a tragic but limited (from a national security standpoint) hostile action as a grave collective threat, which invoked past demons and brought back existential fears. These feelings were inflamed by the Israeli media and leaders, paving the way for an escalation of the event into an armed battle.

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“…Nationalist sentiment is further fueled by the impact of collective memory, especially in large groups with collective trauma in their past (Volkan 2001(Volkan , 2004, as is the case in some of the majority and some of the minority groups. Such groups tend to believe that their sovereign nationality is their only protection against existential threats that constantly await them (Keynan 2015a(Keynan , 2016. Moreover, Ignatieff's civil nationalism can be expected to increase the exclusion of and intensify the conflict with totalizing communities (Coser 1974cited in Walzer 2005, which rejects democratic and liberal values altogether, and whose pious observance overrides all other forms of belonging, including close family, with the same ferocity as nationalistic sentiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Citizenhood: Rethinking Multicultural Citizenship

Keynan¹

2017

CCS Journal

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In its comprehensive meaning, citizenship should ideally bestow a sense of belonging in the large social group, as well as a stake in the state's cultural, political and economic life, topped by a sense of solidarity, which transcends ethno-religious differences. Unfortunately, many nation states fail these tasks and not all of their citizens are offered such an embracing welcome. Because of the massive immigrations of the last decades this difficulty has intensified and many states struggle with the problem of maintaining a sense of belonging of its citizens with the state. This article proposes a named new concept, “Citizenhood”, which may provide a better way to reconcile ideas of cultural and social rights with the idea of citizenship in contemporary multicultural liberal and democratic nation states. In particular, the new concept strives to alleviate the situation of groups upon whom citizenship does not confer the sense of 'being at home'. Improving the feelings of these groups is important not only for their own well-being, but for the state as well, since their feeling of alienation from the community at large weakens social cohesion and may fuel continuous tensions. Scholars have suggested different alternatives to overcome these difficulties but a solution is not yet in sight. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of previous suggestions and elaborates on the benefits of the proposed new concept.

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Psychological War Trauma and Society

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Perceptions of the Absence and Reintegration of a Prisoner of War Father from the Perspective of His Children as Adults

Perceptions of the Absence and Reintegration of a Prisoner of War Father from the Perspective of His Children as Adults

Collective Trauma and National Behavior in Times of Threat—The Israeli Public and the 2014 War in Gaza

Citizenhood: Rethinking Multicultural Citizenship

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