Psychological well-being response to high protein and high carbohydrate weight loss diets in overweight and obese men: A randomised trial

Lutze, Janna; Taylor, Pennie; Brinkworth, Grant D.; Wyld, Belinda; Syrette, Julie; Wilson, Carlene; Clifton, Peter M.; Noakes, Manny

doi:10.1016/j.clnme.2013.08.002

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The mean BMI was reported in 15 studies and pooling those means gave a mean of 33.9 kg/m 2 . The shortest intervention duration was 28 days [ 28 ] whilst the longest was 52 weeks [ 31 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. One study did not explicitly state the data collection end point [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review

Patsalos

Keeler

Schmidt

et al. 2021

JPM

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Background: Obesity and depression co-occur in a significant proportion of the population. Mechanisms linking the two disorders include the immune and the endocrine system, psychological and social mechanisms. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether weight loss through dietary interventions has the additional effect of ameliorating depressive symptoms in obese patients. Methods: We systematically searched three databases (Pubmed, Medline, Embase) for longitudinal clinical trials testing a dietary intervention in people with obesity and depression or symptoms of depression. Results: Twenty-four longitudinal clinical studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 3244 included patients. Seventeen studies examined the effects of calorie-restricted diets and eight studies examined dietary supplements (two studies examined both). Only three studies examined people with a diagnosis of both obesity and depression. The majority of studies showed that interventions using a calorie-restricted diet resulted in decreases in depression scores, with effect sizes between ≈0.2 and ≈0.6. The results were less clear for dietary supplements. Conclusions: People with obesity and depression appear to be a specific subgroup of depressed patients in which calorie-restricted diets might constitute a promising personalized treatment approach. The reduction of depressive symptoms may be related to immunoendocrine and psychosocial mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review

Patsalos

Keeler

Schmidt

et al. 2021

JPM

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“…These included height, weight, waist circumference, body composition (total fat mass, total lean mass, body fat % and abdominal fat mass by dual x-ray absorptiometry), seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculated as [{2/3 x DBP} + {1/3 x SBP}] and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], highly sensitive C-reactive protein [hsCRP], insulin, glucose and the homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA; fasting insulin x fasting glucose / 22.5] measured as previously described [ 13 ]. The profiles of mood states (POMS) component related to depression-dejection (subscale of 15 items) was used as previously described [ 14 ] with a higher score indicating a greater degree of mood disturbance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no research assessing these diets during longer-term weight loss or on the clinical outcomes of erectile function, sexual function and LUTS in addition to changes in testosterone and SHBG. We previously reported that long-term higher protein or higher carbohydrate weight loss diets resulted in equivalent improvements in weight, metabolic and psychological outcomes [ 13 , 14 ]. The aim of this current study was, therefore, to examine the long-term effects of weight loss with these diets on testosterone, SHBG, erectile dysfunction, sexual desire and LUTS, in overweight and obese men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of a Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing High Protein or High Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diets on Testosterone, SHBG, Erectile and Urinary Function in Overweight and Obese Men

et al. 2016

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IntroductionObesity is associated with reduced testosterone and worsened erectile and sexual function in men. Weight loss improves these outcomes. High protein diets potentially offer anthropometric and metabolic benefits, but their effects on reproductive and sexual outcomes is not known.AimTo examine the long-term effects of weight loss with a higher protein or carbohydrate diet on testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual desire in overweight and obese men.MethodsOne-hundred and eighteen overweight or obese men (body mass index 27–40 kg/m2, age 20–65 years) were randomly assigned to an energy restricted higher protein low fat (35% protein, 40% carbohydrate, 25% fat; n = 57) or higher carbohydrate low fat diet (17% protein, 58% carbohydrate, 25% fat, n = 61) diet for 52 weeks (12 weeks weight loss, 40 weeks weight maintenance). Primary outcomes were serum total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and calculated free testosterone. Secondary outcomes were erectile function as assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (total score and erectile function domain), lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual desire.ResultsTotal testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone increased (P<0.001) and the total IIEF increased (P = 0.017) with no differences between diets (P≥0.244). Increases in testosterone (P = 0.037) and sex hormone binding globulin (P<0.001) and improvements in the total IIEF (P = 0.041) occurred from weeks 0–12 with a further increase in testosterone from week 12–52 (P = 0.002). Increases in free testosterone occurred from week 12–52 (p = 0.002). The IIEF erectile functon domain, lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual desire did not change in either group (P≥0.126).ConclusionsIn overweight and obese men, weight loss with both high protein and carbohydrate diets improve testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and overall sexual function.Trial RegistrationAnzctr.org.au ACTRN12606000002583

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“…Bodily pain did not significantly changes across time for males in either group. In contrast, a 52-week weight loss study conducted in adult men with T2D showed physical functioning improved similarly with both a HP and HC diet over all time points and bodily pain improved after 12 weeks and was sustained for a further 40 weeks [ 15 ]. Conversely, in the present study, for females, the HC group reported significant improvements for physical functioning and the overall physical component summary over the course of the study and the HP group reported worsening bodily pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing concluded that a significantly higher proportion of the weight loss group (lost ≥5% body weight) reported worsening psychological wellbeing than the groups who were weight stable or gained weight (regained ≥5% body weight) [ 14 ]. In a study of 117 overweight/obese men (BMI 31.2 kg/m 2 , age 49.6 years) without diabetes, similar improvements in mental and physical QoL health outcomes were reported after 52 weeks consuming either an energy-restricted higher-protein diet (HP: 31% protein; 36% carbohydrate) or an energy-matched higher-carbohydrate diet (HC: 21% protein; 48% carbohydrate) following weight loss (− 10.5% of body weight) [ 15 ]. However, whether similar responses are observed in T2D remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparison of two low-fat diets, differing in protein and carbohydrate, on psychological wellbeing in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial

Watson

Dyer

Buckley

et al. 2018

Nutr J

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BackgroundAlthough higher-protein diets (HP) can assist with weight loss and glycemic control, their effect on psychological wellbeing has not been established. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a HP and a higher-carbohydrate diet (HC), combined with regular exercise, on psychological wellbeing both during weight loss (WL) and weight maintenance phases (WM).MethodsIn a parallel RCT, 61 adults with T2D (mean ± SD: BMI 34.3 ± 5.1 kg/m2, aged 55 ± 8 years) consumed a HP diet (29% protein, 34% carbohydrate, 31% fat) or an isocaloric HC diet (21%:48%:24%), with moderate intensity exercise, for 12 weeks of WL and 12 weeks of WM. Secondary data evaluating psychological wellbeing was assessed using: Problems Areas in Diabetes (PAID); Diabetes-39 Quality of Life (D-39); Short Form Health Survey (SF-36); Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) at Weeks 0, 12 and 24 and evaluated with mixed models analysis.ResultsIndependent of diet, improvements for PAID; D-39 diabetes control; D-39 severity of diabetes; SF-36 physical functioning and SF-36 general health were found following WL (d = 0.30 to 0.69, P ≤ 0.04 for all) which remained after 12 weeks of WM. SF-36 vitality improved more in the HP group (group x time interaction P = 0.03). Associations were seen between HbA1c and D-39 severity of diabetes rating (r = 0.30, P = 0.01) and SF-36 mental health (r = − 0.32, P = 0.003) and between weight loss and PAID (r = 0.30, P = 0.01).ConclusionSeveral improvements in diabetes-related and general psychological wellbeing were seen similarly for both diets following weight loss and a reduction in HbA1c with most of these improvements remaining when weight loss was sustained for 12 weeks. A HP diet may provide additional increases in vitality.Trial registrationThe trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12613000008729) on 4 January 2013.

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Psychological well-being response to high protein and high carbohydrate weight loss diets in overweight and obese men: A randomised trial

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Diet, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review

Diet, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review

Long-Term Effects of a Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing High Protein or High Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diets on Testosterone, SHBG, Erectile and Urinary Function in Overweight and Obese Men

Comparison of two low-fat diets, differing in protein and carbohydrate, on psychological wellbeing in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial

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