Psychologists' perceptions of their duty to protect uninformed sex partners of HIV‐positive clients‡

Simone, Simone J.; Fulero, Solomon M.

doi:10.1002/bsl.450

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although vignettes have been used to assess psychosocial constructs related to sexual health, [ 42 – 45 ] we are not aware of a previous instance in which a factor analysis approach empirically validated a scale of vignette-style items. Exploratory factor analysis provides a more rigorous replication test than confirmatory factor analysis [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Concurrency Attitudes: Development and Validation of a Vignette-Based Scale

et al. 2016

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BackgroundConcurrent sexual partnerships (partnerships that overlap in time) may contribute to higher rates of HIV transmission in African Americans. Attitudes toward a behavior constitute an important component of most models of health-related behavior and behavioral change. We have developed a scale, employing realistic vignettes that appear to reliably measure attitudes about concurrency in young African American adults.MethodsVignette-based items to assess attitudes about concurrency were developed following focus groups and cognitive testing of items adapted from existing scales assessing psychosocial constructs surrounding related sexual behaviors. The new items were included in a telephone survey of African American adults (18–34 years old) in Eastern North Carolina immediately before and after a radio campaign designed to discourage concurrency. We performed an exploratory factor analysis on each sample (pre- and post-campaign) to cross-validate results. We retained factors with a primary loading of ≥0.50 and no secondary loading >0.30. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to evaluate internal reliability. Associations in the predicted direction between the mean responses to items on the final factor and known correlates of concurrency validated the scale.ResultsFactor analysis in a random pre-campaign subsample yielded a one-factor 6-item scale with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.79). As expected, the attitude factor was positively associated with participation in concurrent partnerships, whether assessed by self-report (r = 0.298, p<0.0001) or deduced from dates of recent sexual partnerships (r = 0.298, p<0.0001). The factor was also positively associated with alcohol (r = 0.216, p<0.0001) and drug use (r = 0.225, p<0.0001) and negatively associated with increasing age (r = -0.088, p- = 0.02) and female gender (r = -0.232, p<0.0001). Factor analyses repeated in the second random pre-campaign subsample and post-campaign sample confirmed these results.ConclusionA vignette-based scale may be an effective measure of key attitudes related to concurrency and potentially a useful tool to evaluate interventions addressing this network pattern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Concurrency Attitudes: Development and Validation of a Vignette-Based Scale

et al. 2016

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“…8,9 Several studies have shown that physicians disagree whether and when breaches are justified when presented with potentially socially threatening behaviour by their patients. [10][11][12][13] Physicians have conflicting opinions concerning the reporting of competent victims of violence who oppose the disclosure, [14][15][16] concerning giving information to sexual partners of an HIV-positive test against the will of the patient, [17][18][19][20] and when confidentiality conflicts with the patient's own good. [21][22][23] Some physicians consider confidentiality as an absolute rule, whereas many try to balance confidentiality and the prevention of harm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violations of medical confidentiality: opinions of primary care physicians

Elger

2009

Br J Gen Pract

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BackgroundPhysicians should be able to distinguish situations where they need to protect confidentiality from those where they could be obligated to reveal information. Data are scarce concerning physician's attitudes in daily situations where violations of confidentiality are avoidable. Physicians should be aware of situations where patients are identifiable. AimTo solicit participation of primary care physicians in a teaching intervention and to explore participants' opinions on violations of confidentiality. Design of studyA questionnaire presented seven vignettes describing avoidable violations of confidentiality (for example, without patient consent a physician mentions a politician's illness their spouse). Participants answered on a scale of 0−3 (0 = no violation and 3 = serious violation). All contacted physicians were invited to a teaching session during which the study results were discussed.

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“…Many have questioned if an HIV-positive or AIDS-infected client who discloses to a professional the intent to engage in unprotected sexual intercourse with another person meets the requirements of these statutes (e.g., Chenneville, 2000;Hook & Cleveland, 1999;Huprich, Fuller, & Schneider, 2003;Stanard & Hazler, 1995). No clear consensus is present at this time, and mental health professionals themselves are found to be quite divided on this issue (Simone & Fulero, 2001). Werth, Welfel, and Benjamin (2009) reported that "many states require the reporting of injuries caused during the commission of a crime (including domestic violence if disclosed by a patient to a health care provider" (p. 89).…”

Section: Exceptions To Confidentiality With Other Types Of Harmmentioning

confidence: 93%

“Doc, There's Something I Have To Tell You”: Patient Disclosure to Their Psychotherapist of Unprosecuted Murder and Other Violence

Walfish¹,

Barnett²,

Marlyere³

et al. 2010

Ethics & Behavior

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The current investigation examines the incidence of clients telling their psychotherapists of committing violent crimes for which they have not been prosecuted. Thirteen percent of the psychologists surveyed indicated that on at least one occasion a client self-disclosed to them during a psychotherapy session that he/she had murdered someone, not including the killing of another person in the line of duty in the military or as a public peace officer. One third of the psychologists had clients self-disclose an unprosecuted incident of a sexual assault, and more than two thirds had clients self-disclose an unprosecuted incident of a physical assault during a psychotherapy session. Data are reported on psychotherapists' views of the impact of such disclosures on the psychotherapy relationship, adequacy of being informed regarding legal obligations after hearing such reports of violence, and adequacy of graduate preparation to deal with these clinical situations.

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Psychologists' perceptions of their duty to protect uninformed sex partners of HIV‐positive clients‡

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Measuring Concurrency Attitudes: Development and Validation of a Vignette-Based Scale

Measuring Concurrency Attitudes: Development and Validation of a Vignette-Based Scale

Violations of medical confidentiality: opinions of primary care physicians

“Doc, There's Something I Have To Tell You”: Patient Disclosure to Their Psychotherapist of Unprosecuted Murder and Other Violence

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