Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint

Brentano, Franz

doi:10.4324/9781315747446

Cited by 402 publications

(179 citation statements)

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“…But things that we do not usually think of as "objects" can also qualify as pragmatic objects: mental states, such as a pain, and physical events, such as the World Cup final, can be the objects of our mental states -e.g., one can hope that one's pain goes away or wish to attend the World Cup final. Pragmatic objects thus resemble intentional objects, as originally introduced by Brentano (1973), in the sense that they are the things that mental states are directed at. However, while Brentano took intentionality to be what distinguishes the mental from the physical, the pragmatist account defended here will treat pragmatic objects as ontologically neutral.…”

Section: Motivating Pragmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking About Events: A Pragmatist Account of the Objects of Episodic Hypothetical Thought

Sant’Anna

Michaelian

2018

Rev.Phil.Psych.

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The debate over the objects of episodic memory has for some time been stalled, with few alternatives to familiar forms of direct and indirect realism being advanced. This paper moves the debate forward by building on insights from the recent psychological literature on memory as a form of episodic hypothetical thought (or mental time travel) and the recent philosophical literature on relationalist and representationalist approaches to perception. The former suggests that an adequate account of the objects of episodic memory will have to be a special case of an account of the objects of episodic hypothetical thought more generally. The latter suggests that an adequate account of the objects of episodic hypothetical thought will have to combine features of direct realism and representationalism. We develop a novel pragmatist-inspired account of the objects of episodic hypothetical thought that has the requisite features.

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Section: Motivating Pragmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking About Events: A Pragmatist Account of the Objects of Episodic Hypothetical Thought

Sant’Anna

Michaelian

2018

Rev.Phil.Psych.

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“…All activities, both extra and intrapsychic, are directed at an object. Originally formulated by Franz Brentano (1874Brentano ( /1973 as the differentia specifica of mental actions, it is a central thesis in the psychoanalytical object relations theory (Fairbairn, 1946(Fairbairn, /1952Klein, 1926). Melanie Klein (1926) recognized how intrapsychic processes, expressed in the child's playing, follow a sequential pattern, mediated by the internal objects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zone of proximal development (ZPD) as an ability to play in psychotherapy: A theory‐building case study of very brief therapy

et al. 2014

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Accessing very problematic content may be very difficult even though the client's ability to mentalize other material appears ordinary. Mildly depressed clients who have developed powerful care-taking coping strategies may not respond to very brief therapeutic interventions. A client's minimal acknowledgements may mislead the therapist into supplementing the client's failing self-reflection rather than addressing the issue that provokes this failure.

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“…Relationship (4) is often referred to as Ekman's law and below the coefficient κ e will be called Ekman fraction. It should be noted that Ekman's law as a conjecture was put forward by Franz Brentano (1838-1917) whose work influenced also the development of phenomenology as a branch of philosophy [28]. Keeping in mind my further constructions I want to emphasize that Ekman's law:…”

Section: Basic Psychophysical Laws and Fechner-stevens Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychophysical laws as reflection of mental space properties

Lubashevsky

2019

Physics of Life Reviews

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The paper is devoted to the relationship between psychophysics and physics of mind. The basic trends in psychophysics development are briefly discussed with special attention focused on Teghtsoonian's hypotheses. These hypotheses pose the concept of the universality of inner psychophysics and enable to speak about psychological space as an individual object with its own properties. Turning to the two-component description of human behavior (I. Lubashevsky, Physics of the Human Mind, Springer, 2017) the notion of mental space is formulated and human perception of external stimuli is treated as the emergence of the corresponding images in the mental space. On one hand, these images are caused by external stimuli and their magnitude bears the information about the intensity of the corresponding stimuli. On the other hand, the individual structure of such images as well as their subsistence after emergence is determined only by the properties of mental space on its own. Finally, the mental operations of image comparison and their scaling are defined in a way allowing for the bounded capacity of human cognition. As demonstrated, the developed theory of stimulus perception is able to explain the basic regularities of psychophysics, e.g., (i ) the regression and range effects leading to the overestimation of weak stimuli and the underestimation of strong stimuli, (ii ) scalar variability (Weber's and Ekman' laws), and (iii ) the sequential (memory) effects. As the final result, a solution to the Fechner-Stevens dilemma is proposed. This solution posits that Fechner's logarithmic law is not a consequences of Weber's law but stems from the interplay of uncertainty in evaluating stimulus intensities and the multi-step scaling required to overcome the stimulus incommensurability.

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Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint

Cited by 402 publications

References 0 publications

Thinking About Events: A Pragmatist Account of the Objects of Episodic Hypothetical Thought

Thinking About Events: A Pragmatist Account of the Objects of Episodic Hypothetical Thought

Zone of proximal development (ZPD) as an ability to play in psychotherapy: A theory‐building case study of very brief therapy

Psychophysical laws as reflection of mental space properties

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