Psychology of Craving

Sharma, Sushil; Nepal, Bal; Moon, Carolyn Seungyoun; Chabenne, Anthony; Khogali, Azza; Ojo, Comfort; Hong, Esther; Gaudet, Rochelle; Sayed-Ahmad, Ali; Jacob, Amanda; Murtuza, Mujtaba; Firlit, Michelle L.

doi:10.4236/ojmp.2014.32015

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Domoic acid-induced seizure discharge activity was suppressed by specific 5-HT 1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, and was augmented by a specific 5-HT 1A antagonist, Spiroxatrine, as confirmed by computerized EEG analyses [5]. Subsequently, we reported CB formation and its pathophysiological significance in various cellular and animal models of PD [6], AD [7], vascular dementia [8], fetal alcohol syndrome [9,10], and in human and animal models of chronic drug addiction [11]. We reported that low molecular weight metal (zinc-binding), cysteine-rich proteins, metallothioneins (MTs) confer therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic-agents in polysubstance abuse [12,13] and in PD [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…We reported that CB formation occurs in the most vulnerable cells (like cerebellar Purkinje neurons and hippocampal CA-3 and dentate gyrus neurons) due to nutritional and/or environmental (toxins) stress in the developing or aging brain [10,11,26]. A specific 5-5T 1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT suppressed Domoic acid-induced seizure activity and progressive neurodegeneration, whereas 5HT 1A receptor antagonist, Spiroxatrine augmented seizure discharge activity and augmented hippocampal CB formation.…”

Section: Pyridoxine Attenuates Domoic Acid-induced Hippocampal Cb Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, novel drugs may be developed to prevent CB formation or enhance charnolophagy as the basic molecular mechanism of intracellular detoxification during acute phase and CB antagonists to avert microcephaly, FAS, or autism by employing CB as an early, sensitive and specific biomarker to detect, prevent and effectively treat microcephaly in early days and in aging. Based on two types of monoamine oxidases on the outer mitochondrial membranes, two types of CBs were proposed (i.e., MOA-specific CB, and MOA-B-specific CB), which can be targeted in vivo by 11 C or 18 F-labeled monoamine oxidase-A or B inhibitor (Selegiline) to detect CB formation in the developing brain, in addition to 18 FdG-PET neuroimaging for in-vivo assessment of brain regional mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, radiation exposure to developing embryo will be a major concern which needs to be resolved to accomplish EBPT of Zika virus-induced or other forms of microcephaly in the developing brain.…”

Section: Cb As a Novel Biomarker In Zika Virus Induced Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conclusion: Brain regional monoamine oxidase-specific CBs can be detected by 11 C or 18 Flabeled MAO-A or MAO-B inhibitors in vivo, in addition to 18 FdG-PET neuroimaging to quantitatively assess and improve the mitochondrial bioenergetics in AD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charnoly body as a novel biomarker of nutritional stress in Alzheimer’s Disease

Sharma¹,

Choga²,

Doghor³

et al. 2016

FFHD

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Background: Charnoly body (CB) was discovered as universal biomarker of cell injury in the developing undernourished rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons and in the intrauterine Domoic acid and Kainic acid-exposed mice hippocampus and hypothalamic neurons. The incidence of CB increased with the severity of nutritional and environmental neurotoxic insult. Purpose: We proposed that stress (nutritional/environmental)-induced cortisol release augments, whereas metallothioneins (MTs), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF inhibit CB formation to prevent progressive neurodegeneration, early morbidity, and mortality in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Results: CB is a pre-apoptotic biomarker of compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics and is formed in the most vulnerable cell in response to nutritional stress, intrauterine infection, environmental toxins, and/or drugs of abuse due to free radical overproduction and mitochondrial genome down-regulation. It appears as a pleomorphic, electron-dense multi-lamellar, quasi-crystalline stack of degenerated mitochondrial membranes in highly susceptible neurons and may be induced by microbial infection. CB formation was accompanied with stunted neuritogenesis in the aging mitochondrial genome knock out (RhOmgko) human dopaminergic (SK-N-SH, SHS-Y-5Y) neurons due to down-regulation of ubiquinone NADH oxidoreductase (complex-1). Transfection of RhOmgko neurons with ubiquinone NADH oxidoreductase (complex-1) gene and CoQ10, inhibited CB formation and augmented neuritogenesis, as confirmed in α-synuclein-metallothioneins triple knock out and weaver mutant mice. CB formation was attenuated in MTs-over-expressing weaver mutant mice.Findings: Accumulation of CB at the junction of axon hillock impairs axoplasmic transport of enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones, neurotropic factors (NGF, BDNF), and mitochondria at the synaptic terminals to cause cognitive impairment, early morbidity, and mortality. Nonspecific induction of CB causes alopecia, myelosuppression, and GIT symptoms in multi-drug-resistant malignancies. Antioxidants and MTs inhibit CB formation as free radical scavengers by zinc-mediated transcriptional regulation of genes involved in growth, proliferation, differentiation, and development. Hence drugs may be developed to prevent CB formation and/or enhance charnolophagy as a basic molecular mechanism of intracellular detoxification to avert cognitive impairments in AD.Conclusion: Brain regional monoamine oxidase-specific CBs can be detected by 11C or 18F-labeled MAO-A or MAO-B inhibitors in vivo in addition to 18FdG-PET neuroimaging to quantitatively assess and improve the mitochondrial bioenergetics in AD. Key Words: Charnoly Body, Nutrition, Metallothioneins, Mitochondrial DNA, RhOmgko Neurons, Cortisol, IGF-1, BDNF, Alzheimer’s Disease

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Pyridoxine Attenuates Domoic Acid-induced Hippocampal Cb Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cb As a Novel Biomarker In Zika Virus Induced Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charnoly body as a novel biomarker of nutritional stress in Alzheimer’s Disease

Sharma¹,

Choga²,

Doghor³

et al. 2016

FFHD

Self Cite

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“…Longitudinal studies tentatively note that PTSD may increase BMI, especially in women [23]. This is possibly because of the effect of stress hormones as well as limbic system and prefrontal cortex dysregulations in PTSD, which trigger craving for carbohydrates and ultraprocessed food [25,26]. The development of obesity and other aspects of metabolic syndrome in people exposed to severe, life-threatening or traumatic stress is mediated by the physiological response to stress and related behavioral adaptations (under the conditions of high caloric/fat intake).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Morbidity (Hypertension and Obesity) in PTSD: Treatment Implications for the Predictive Validity of Two Structures of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised

Ali,

Al-Dossary,

Laranjeira

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or specific PTSD symptoms may evoke disordered eating and unhealthy lifestyles, resulting in adverse cardiometabolic events (e.g., hypertension and obesity) in certain groups, which may implicate the treatment of this complex condition. The diagnostic criteria of PTSD have lately expanded beyond the three common symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal). Simultaneously, four-, five-, and six-dimensional structures of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), a popular PTSD measure, seem to be more robust than the original three-dimension structure. Within the context of COVID-19, this instrumental study used a convenience sample of 58 dental healthcare workers (HCWs) from Russia (mean age = 44.1±12.2 years, 82.8% females) to examine the criterion and predictive validity of two IES-R structures: the IES-R3 and the IES-R6 (with the added symptoms of numbing, sleep disturbance, and irritability). The subscales of the two IES-R structures expressed good internal consistency, strong correlations with the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS), hypertension diagnosis, and high body mass index (BMI). In receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, all IES-R models perfectly predicted the PSS (all area under the curve (AUC) >0.9, p values <0.001). The IES-R, both hyperarousal subscales, and the IES-R3 intrusion subscale significantly predicted high BMI. Both avoidance subscales and the IES-R3 intrusion subscale, not the IES-R, significantly predicted hypertension. In conclusion, both IES-R structures can reliably measure PTSD symptoms. The IES-R, hyperarousal, and intrusion may be credible criterion variables for predicting high BMI within PTSD while the intrusion and avoidance subscales may reflect the cardiovascular consequences associated with PTSD more reliably than the IES-R itself. The IES-R subscales may predict cardiometabolic adversities in PTSD, signifying a need for proper assessment of lifestyle and the application of dietary and exercise interventions in order to lower physical morbidity in PTSD. Replicating the study in larger samples, which comprise different physical and mental conditions from heterogenous cultural contexts is pivotal to validate the results (e.g., in specific groups such as those with confirmed traumatic exposure and comorbid mood dysfunction).

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Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

Sharma

2017

Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity

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Psychology of Craving

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Charnoly body as a novel biomarker of nutritional stress in Alzheimer’s Disease

Charnoly body as a novel biomarker of nutritional stress in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cardiometabolic Morbidity (Hypertension and Obesity) in PTSD: Treatment Implications for the Predictive Validity of Two Structures of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised

Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

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