Psychology of Physical Bravery

Kugel, Uri; Hausman, Catherine; Black, Laurie; Bongar, Bruce

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.013.36

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It highlights his main concern was the plan to destroy the witches. The Boy's action which put himself in danger for the sake of achieving goals complies with the definition of physical bravery as presented by Kugel et al (2017) and Rate et al (2007).…”

Section: Excerpt 18mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The Boy as a Brave Mouse Kugel et al (2017) and Rate et al (2007) define brave as a trait of being fearless despite of the existence of pressure or threat. While being synonymous with courage and heroism, brave is related to taking dangerous action to gain desired result (Kugel et al, 2017;Rate et al, 2007). The Boy was described as a brave child.…”

Section: Excerpt 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mouse’s Courage: The Characterizations of the Boy in Roald Dahl's the Witches

Suwastini

Dewi

Saputra

et al. 2022

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This study aims to analyze the character of The Boy as the main protagonist character in Roald Dahl's The Witches. The researcher collected the data by using the method of close reading and note-taking. As the main protagonist in the novel, The Boy was described as cheerful, curious, brave, and intelligent. He was described to be optimistically move on with his life after his parents’ deaths and after he was turned into a mouse. He was also a curious child, which lead him to investigate the witches' activity at the resort. As a brave and intelligent mouse, The Boy found tricks to tackle the Grand Witch and her army of witches. As a child who was turned into a mouse The Boy’s characterizations enabled him to save other children from being turned into a mouse. These characterizations could inspire children and readers in general to be optimistic in facing life.

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Section: Excerpt 18mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Excerpt 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse’s Courage: The Characterizations of the Boy in Roald Dahl's the Witches

Suwastini

Dewi

Saputra

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, as discussants consistently cultivated and traded marijuana, they developed high courage and became bold to engage in illicit marijuana cultivation and trading. The bravery of discussants to engage in illicit marijuana cultivation and trading could also stem from the competence they have gained over the years trading in marijuana [54]. Therefore, children and adolescents in the selected communities need a constant reminder of the dangers of illicit practices to prevent them from engaging in such practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual influences of illicit adolescent marijuana cultivation and trading in the Inqguza Hill local municipality of South Africa: implications for public health policy

Manu

Douglas

Ntsaba

2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Although commercial cultivation and trading of marijuana, commonly known as cannabis or dagga in the South African context, remains an illicit practice, adolescents actively engage in it. However, contextual influences that sustain adolescent involvement in illicit marijuana-related activties remain empirically unascertained. Objective This study sought to ascertain the various contextual influences of adolescent illicit marijuana cultivation and trading in two communities in the Ingquza Hill Local Municipality (IHLM) of South Africa, using the tenets of the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM). Methods The study utilised focus group discussions approach to interview thirty-three purposefully sampled participants who were recruited through the snowball sampling technique. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct the interviews, while thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results We found that illicit adolescent marijuana cultivation and trading was influenced by eleven contextual factors that are grouped under four levels of socio-ecological influence. These include intrapersonal influences (knowledge and skills in marijuana cultivation and courage), interpersonal influences (peer and family influences), communal level influences (economic reasons, early childhood exposure to marijuana activities, protection of family lands, the topography of the area and soil fertility) and policy-related influences (lack of communal bylaws on marijuana activities and laxity in law enforcement). Conclusion It is recommended that substance abuse prevention policies and programmes focus on discouraging children from engaging in illicit marijuana activities in IHLM across the four tenets of SEM and curtailing adolescent involvement in marijuana cultivation and trading. There is also the need to incorporate the law enforcement approach into demand reduction strategies of the National Drug Master Plan (NDMP), which employs only an educative approach in its current form. Working agreements between municipal authorities, law enforcement agents and social service professionals also need to be strengthened to push demand reduction strategies for marijuana in communities to protect the rights of children as enshrined in the Children’s Act, 38 of 2005.

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“… 17 The PCWS focuses on physical courage, emphasizing a courageous predisposition in which the risks involved might affect employees’ physical well-being. 43 , 44 The PCWS consists of 30 items rated from 1 (minor agreement) to 7 (severe agreement) and five factors including immediate danger, providing for family, others’ aggression, reporting violations and helping society ( Appendices ). The model fit indices were above the acceptable thresholds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity of Virtual Courage for Trainees in High-Risk Occupations

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

PRBM

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Background Employees in high-risk occupations are exposed to tremendous work stress that hinders organizational effectiveness and personal mental health. Based on positive psychology, courage can be considered a protective factor that buffers the adverse effect of high-risk surroundings on employees. However, little is known about the way courage is simulated or evaluated in response to safety concerns. Virtual reality (VR) is an accessible tool for courage simulation due to its immersive qualities, presence and interactive features and may provide a promising pathway to achieve a scientific, accurate and ecologically valid evaluation of high-risk employees. Methods The sample consisted of 51 high-risk employees who were recruited voluntarily. Before and after experiencing the VR courage scenarios, the participants completed the VR features questionnaire, the Physical Courage at Work Scale (PCWS), the Courage Measure (CM), and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). During the process of watching the VR courage scenarios, the participants’ heart rate and skin conductance at resting-state baseline and during virtual courage scenarios were recorded through HTC VIVE Pro Eye and BioGraph Infiniti 8. Results The results support the hypothesis and reveal that the interaction, immersion and presence scores of the scenarios were all significantly higher than the median 4 points. The score for the CM in the posttest was significantly higher than that in the pretest. The scared and afraid scores for the posttest were significantly higher than those for the pretest. The heart rate and skin conductance of each scenario showed an increase compared with the baseline. The Pearson’s correlation between physiological indicators and the score of the PCWS was 0.28~0.54. Conclusion This study developed virtual courage for high-risk occupations based on well-established theory and VR technology. Experimental data revealed that the paradigm conformed to the requirements of VR features and was able to activate fear and evoke the quality of courage. Thus, the virtual courage paradigms have good validity in simulating scenarios for high-risk employees, which might accelerate organizational effectiveness while buffering working stress.

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Psychology of Physical Bravery

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

A Mouse’s Courage: The Characterizations of the Boy in Roald Dahl's the Witches

A Mouse’s Courage: The Characterizations of the Boy in Roald Dahl's the Witches

Contextual influences of illicit adolescent marijuana cultivation and trading in the Inqguza Hill local municipality of South Africa: implications for public health policy

The Validity of Virtual Courage for Trainees in High-Risk Occupations

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