Psychometric characteristics of the German adaptation of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).

Schumacher, Sonja; Martin‐Soelch, Chantal; Rufer, Michael; Pazhenkottil, Aju P.; Wirtz, Gustav; Fuhrhans, Christoph; Hindermann, Esther; Mueller‐Pfeiffer, Christoph

doi:10.1037/a0024044

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These internal consistencies are somewhat higher than those for the original scoring of the TEC (Nijenhuis et al, 2002). Additional information regarding the reliability and validity of the German adaptation of the TEC can be found in another paper (Schumacher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characteristics of Child Maltreatment and Their Relation to Dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Depression in Adult Psychiatric Patients

Mueller‐Pfeiffer¹,

Moergeli²,

Schumacher³

et al. 2013

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Abstract:Little is known about the influence of particular characteristics of childhood maltreatment, such as developmental stage, relationship to the perpetrator and nature of the trauma, on adult psychopathology. The effects of childhood maltreatment were assessed in adult psychiatric patients (N=287) using self-rating scales and diagnostic checklists. Maltreatment was strongly associated with dissociation. This relationship was observed for all childhood developmental stages and was strongest when the perpetrator was outside the family. Dissociation was more strongly correlated with childhood emotional abuse and sexual harassment, than with sexual or physical abuse. Childhood sexual abuse was found to be associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Findings suggest that dissociation is a relatively specific consequence of childhood maltreatment that is largely independent of the familial relationship to the perpetrator or the child's developmental stage. Keywords: Dissociation, Child Abuse, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 3The World Health Organization defines child maltreatment as "all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power" (World Health Organization, 1999). Dissociation, mood disorders, anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms are believed to constitute potential sequelae of childhood trauma (Fairbank et al, 2007;Heim et al, 2001;Spertus et al, 2003;Van der Hart et al, 2006). However, it is not clear what aspects of childhood maltreatment influence the development and nature of trauma-related symptoms.Dissociation related to trauma may involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity and/or perception ("psychoform dissociation") as well as losses or distortion of sensory, perceptual, affective or motor functions ("somatoform dissociation") ( Van der Hart et al, 2004). Current theories about the development of severe dissociation emphasize the role of early onset chronic abuse and neglect from primary caregivers in childhood (Liotti, 2006;Van der Hart et al, 2006). There is ample evidence supporting the strong association between childhood maltreatment and dissociative psychopathology (Chu et al, 1999;Draijer et al, 1999;Nijenhuis et al, 1998;Ogawa et al, 1997;. Not all traumatized children develop dissociative symptoms and other factors, such as severity of abuse, numbers of perpetrators, the victim's coping style and affect modulation capacities, may moderate its relationship with maltreatment (Briere, 2006;Lange et al, 1999). This also holds true for the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and childhood maltreatment; victims of child abuse are at increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder, but childhood victimization alone is not sufficient to cause these disorders (Ch...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characteristics of Child Maltreatment and Their Relation to Dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Depression in Adult Psychiatric Patients

Mueller‐Pfeiffer¹,

Moergeli²,

Schumacher³

et al. 2013

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…We addressed these issues by returning to the raw data of the TEC. Mueller-Pfeiffer et al (2013) followed a different approach by devising a new scoring system in their German adaptation of the TEC (Schumacher et al, 2011). Mueller-Pfeiffer et al…”

Section: Conflation Of Information In and Scoring Of The Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting a dissociative disorder from type of childhood maltreatment and abuser–abused relational tie

Krüger

Fletcher

2017

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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We investigate the types of childhood maltreatment and abuser-abused relational ties that best predict a dissociative disorder (DD). Psychiatric inpatients (n = 116; mean age = 35; F:M = 1.28:1) completed measures of dissociation and trauma. Abuse type and abuser-abused relational ties were recorded in the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire. Multidisciplinary team clinical diagnosis or administration of the SCID-D-R to high dissociators confirmed DD diagnoses. Logit models described the relationships between abuser-abused relational tie and the diagnostic grouping of patients, DD present (n = 16) or DD absent (n = 100). Fisher's exact tests measured the relative contribution of specific abuse types. There was a positive relationship between abuse frequency and the presence of DD. DD patients experienced more abuse than patients without DDs. Two combinations of abuse type and relational tie predicted a DD: childhood emotional neglect by biological parents/siblings and later emotional abuse by intimate partners. These findings support the early childhood etiology of DDs and subsequent maladaptive cycles of adult abuse. Enquiries about childhood maltreatment should include a history of emotional neglect by biological parents/siblings. Adult emotional abuse by intimate partners should assist in screening for DDs.

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“…TEC is a self-report questionnaire that comprises statements describing potentially traumatic life events. The questionnaire has good psychometric properties 48 , 49 . The TEC questionnaire was sent to a subsample of the larger cohort of 13345 participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Early Life Stress on Anxiety Symptoms in Late Adulthood

Lähdepuro

Savolainen

Lahti‐Pulkkinen

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Early life stress (ELS) may increase the risk of anxiety throughout the life course. Whether this effect extends to late adulthood is poorly known. In our study comprising 1872 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934–1944, we investigated the association of various forms of ELS and their accumulation with self-reported anxiety symptoms at the age of 65–77 years. Data on childhood socioeconomic status and separation from parents were based on national registers for all participants. Information on self-reported emotional and physical trauma, parental divorce, and death of a family member in childhood was obtained from 1277 participants. We found that experiencing emotional trauma, physical trauma, and low socioeconomic status in childhood were associated with increased anxiety symptoms in late adulthood [B = 0.44 (95% CI = 0.31–0.58); B = 0.33 (95% CI = 0.20–0.46); B = 0.10 (95% CI = 0.01–0.19), respectively]. These associations remained significant even after controlling for other forms of ELS. Accumulation of early life stress also increased the levels of late-adulthood anxiety symptoms and the risk of anxiety regarded as clinically significant. Screening for potentially stressful childhood experiences in elderly populations may help identifying individuals with increased anxiety symptoms and planning preventive and therapeutic interventions for those exposed to ELS.

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Psychometric characteristics of the German adaptation of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Characteristics of Child Maltreatment and Their Relation to Dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Depression in Adult Psychiatric Patients

Characteristics of Child Maltreatment and Their Relation to Dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Depression in Adult Psychiatric Patients

Predicting a dissociative disorder from type of childhood maltreatment and abuser–abused relational tie

The Impact of Early Life Stress on Anxiety Symptoms in Late Adulthood

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