Psychometric comparison of three behavioral scales for the assessment of pain in critically ill patients unable to self-report

Papakitsos, G; Kapsali, A; Papakitsou, T

doi:10.1186/cc14569

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…31 Pain assessment in TBI patients admitted to ICU is a challenging task because many of them are not able to communicate effectively. 4 Furthermore, very little evidence is currently available to guide PBs for TBI patients in ICU. The results of the present study indicate that the number of observed PBs during a pain inducing procedure was significantly greater for patients during the procedure than before or after the procedure had occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Complications associated with pain include increased catabolism time, immune suppression, increased heart rate, increased oxygen consumption, blood pressure changes, decreased perfusion rate, increased sodium retention and urine sugar, and insulin resistance. 3,4 Moreover, stress, depression, anxiety and delirium are examples of psychological components of pain. 5 The effective assessment and management of pain is a major public health concern throughout the world with implications for social, economic, and clinical contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain is a commonly reported problem in Intensive Care Units (ICU) 4,8,9 associated with negative experiences of the patients during hospitalization. 10 Researchers have stated that approximately 50 percent of ICU patients report moderate to severe pain during routine procedures, 9,11 which may be due to events such as surgery, trauma or invasive procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Researchers have stated that approximately 50 percent of ICU patients report moderate to severe pain during routine procedures, 9,11 which may be due to events such as surgery, trauma or invasive procedures. 5 Improving pain management, not only leads to better patient care and assessment, 4,9 but also to the reduction of analgesics in ICU. 9 Effective assessment of pain can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and reduce the associated side effects; 9,12 however, despite the reported benefits, the assessment of pain in critically ill adults remains a daily clinical challenge for most health professionals working in an ICU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Pain Indicators in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit

et al. 2018

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Introduction: A consistent approach to pain assessment for patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) is a major difficulty for health practitioners due to some patients’ inability, to express their pain verbally. This study aimed to assess pain behaviors (PBs) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients at different levels of consciousness. Methods: This study used a repeated-measure, within-subject design with 35 patients admitted to an ICU. The data were collected through observations of nociceptive and non-nociceptive procedures, which were recorded through a 47-item behavior-rating checklist. The analyses were performed by SPSS ver.13 software. Results: The most frequently observed PBs during nociceptive procedures were facial expression levator contractions (65.7%), sudden eye openings (34.3%), frowning (31.4%), lip changes (31.4%), clear movement of extremities (57.1%), neck stiffness (42.9%), sighing (31.4%), and moaning (31.4%). The number of PBs exhibited by participants during nociceptive procedures was significantly higher than those observed before and 15 minutes after the procedures. Also, the number of exhibited PBs in patients during nociceptive procedures was significantly greater than that of exhibited PBs during the non-nociceptive procedure. The results showed a significant difference between different levels of consciousness and also between the numbers of exhibited PBs in participants with different levels of traumatic brain injury severity. Conclusion: The present study showed that most of the behaviors that have been observed during painful stimulation in patients with traumatic brain injury included facial expressions, sudden eye opening, frowning, lip changes, clear movements of extremities, neck stiffness, and sighing or moaning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%