Psychometric Evaluation of a Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Questionnaire for Latina/o/x Caregivers of Children and Adolescents

Vázquez, Alejandro; Culianos, Demi; Flores, Cynthia M. Navarro; Alvarez, María de la Caridad; Barrett, Tyson S.; Rodríguez, Melanie M. Domenech

doi:10.1007/s10566-021-09656-8

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The scale scores are calculated as means with higher scores representing greater barriers to accessing telepsychology services. Like other youth MHS barriers questionnaires, dichotomous indicators can also be created to represent whether caregivers faced each barrier (Vázquez et al, 2022): yes (1) or no (0). Both the English and Spanish versions of the Latinx BATS can be accessed for free online through the Supplemental Material in this article.…”

Section: Barriers To Youth Telepsychology Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to accessing telepsychology services questionnaire: Structure and language-based performance in a sample of Latinx caregivers.

Vázquez,

Domenech Rodríguez,

Cadenas

et al. 2024

Psychological Services

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A lack of validated measures to examine barriers to youth telepsychology services among Latinx families limits research that could identify targets for reducing mental health disparities. We developed and validated the Latinx Barriers to Accessing Telepsychology Services (Latinx BATS) questionnaire, a brief multidimensional measure for caregivers of youths. Participants included 511 Latinx caregivers of youths Ages 6–18 (English n = 275, Spanish n = 236) who completed the Latinx BATS and reported on telepsychology service utilization and youth mental health problems. Caregivers whose youths had clinically elevated mental health problems were more likely to report barriers to accessing youth telepsychology services compared to nonclinical youths. Commonly endorsed barriers included concerns that the child would be distracted and not get much benefit, and that providers would be unfamiliar with the family’s culture or would not pick up on nuances and emotions. Loadings from an exploratory graph analysis returned four-factors: relational, acceptability, quality, and access concerns. Network centrality measures identified provider knowledge regarding community resources and Latinx culture as important targets for reducing barriers to youth telepsychology services. Confirmatory factor analyses were then conducted and found that the four-factor structure outperformed a single-factor solution. The four-factor structure was similar for the English and Spanish versions of the Latinx BATS, but the strength of item loadings varied across languages. Implications for the use of the Latinx BATS in research and clinical practice are discussed including specific strategies for reducing these obstacles to care among Latinx families.

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Section: Barriers To Youth Telepsychology Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to accessing telepsychology services questionnaire: Structure and language-based performance in a sample of Latinx caregivers.

Vázquez,

Domenech Rodríguez,

Cadenas

et al. 2024

Psychological Services

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“…Keywords: Youth Affiliate Stigma Scale, Latinx caregivers, measurement, internalizing problems, externalizing problems Supplemental materials: https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000235.supp Latinx caregivers navigate a wide variety of barriers when seeking youth Mental Health Services (MHS; Merikangas et al, 2011;Vázquez et al, 2022). These barriers may contribute to disparities in accessing psychological services between White and Latinx youths (17.2% White; 13.2% Latinx; Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2021).…”

Section: Public Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These barriers may contribute to disparities in accessing psychological services between White and Latinx youths (17.2% White; 13.2% Latinx; Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2021). Structural barriers may lead Latinx caregivers to delay or avoid accessing youth MHS (e.g., cost of services, lack of health insurance, availability of appointments and desired therapist, problems with transportation; Vázquez et al, 2022). These obstacles are compounded by perceptual barriers, namely Latinx caregivers hold more negative perceptions of mental illness relative to White and Black caregivers (Young & Rabiner, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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La vergüenza [the shame]: Measuring affiliate stigma associated with youth mental health problems among Latinx caregivers.

Vázquez¹,

Rodríguez²,

Flores³

et al. 2024

Journal of Latinx Psychology

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Affiliate stigma or internalized shame among family of individuals with stigmatizing conditions, may be an important factor influencing help-seeking behaviors among Latinx caregivers of youth with mental health problems. The Affiliate Stigma Scale assesses Affect, Behavior, and Cognitive dimensions of stigma from caring for adults with intellectual disabilities. Among Latinxs, this scale has been adapted as a unidimensional measure of stigma from caring for a child with developmental disabilities and has been used to study resulting parenting stress and caregiver mental health problems. Research has yet to adapt this measure to examine multiple dimensions of affiliate stigma that Latinx caregivers may experience in response to youth emotional and/or behavioral problem. We sampled 511 (English = 275, Spanish = 236) Latinx caregivers and confirmed the factor structure of an adapted English-and Spanishlanguage Youth Affiliate Stigma Scale (YASS; ages 6-18), which specifically inquiries about caregiver stigma related to youth emotional or behavioral problems. Confirmatory factor analyses suggests that the measurement structure is best represented by the original three-factor solution. The similar measurement structure in both English and Spanish versions also suggests that YASS latent factors could be used across both language versions. All three dimensions of the YASS were associated with youth internalizing and externalizing problems. However, findings suggest externalizing problems may be particularly stigmatizing for Latinx caregivers. The YASS may improve our understanding of perceptual barrier to youth mental health services that could represent a fruitful point of intervention to address disparities within this group. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

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“…Lack of primary care services also creates barriers to necessary preventive care services, further contributing to health disparities within this population (Oh et al, 2020). Stigma around mental health issues within the Hispanic culture creates apprehension and shame related to seeking counseling and other behavioral health services (Lopez et al, 2020; Vázquez et al, 2022). Vázquez et al (2022) reported that Hispanic parents’ underutilization of youth mental health services for their children was associated with a lack of trust in mental health providers, disagreement with diagnosis and treatment recommendations, fear of social rejection due to their child's mental health issues, lack of time for appointments, and lack of knowledge on how to locate services.…”

Section: Reduced Access To Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

How Culture Impacts Health: The Hispanic Narrative

Da Costa

2023

Creative Nursing

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The Hispanic population is the largest and fastest-growing minority group in the United States, and is disproportionately impacted by health problems, including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and unintentional injuries. Factors contributing to these disparities include cultural practices, lack of access to health care, language barriers, and a lack of cultural competence by health-care providers. Family, religion, and gender roles play an essential part in the cultural heritage of Hispanic people, which heavily impacts health outcomes in this population. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the impact of culture on health to dismantle racial/ethnic health disparities and deliver equitable and high-quality care to individuals, families, and communities. This narrative aims to introduce some fundamental cultural factors and beliefs in the Hispanic culture that impact health. It also seeks to provide insights into culturally sensitive practices, to promote quality nursing care and address health disparities within this population.

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Psychometric Evaluation of a Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Questionnaire for Latina/o/x Caregivers of Children and Adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Barriers to accessing telepsychology services questionnaire: Structure and language-based performance in a sample of Latinx caregivers.

Barriers to accessing telepsychology services questionnaire: Structure and language-based performance in a sample of Latinx caregivers.

La vergüenza [the shame]: Measuring affiliate stigma associated with youth mental health problems among Latinx caregivers.

How Culture Impacts Health: The Hispanic Narrative

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