This study examined the correspondence between parent and adolescent reports of the adolescent's substance use in a population of parents concerned about, and experiencing problems resulting from, their teen's substance use. Seventy-five parents and their adolescent (76% not in treatment; 24% in treatment) were interviewed separately regarding the teen's recent use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Irrespective of adolescent treatment status, fair-to-good congruence was found on cigarette and marijuana use, alcohol use frequency, and overall substance use frequency. Poor congruence was found on the incidence of alcohol and other illicit drug use, and the quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking day. Multiple regression analysis revealed that poorer congruence on substance use frequency occurred when the teen was younger, when the parent scored low on monitoring and high on psychological distress, and when the parent used alcohol more frequently. Results indicate that parental awareness of teen substance use varies with the substance used and its measurement. In the absence of a cooperative teen, however, parental report of the frequency of adolescent substance use appears to serve as a fair-to-good proxy.
KeywordsAdolescence; Parents; Adolescent substance abuse; Parent-adolescent agreement Although lifetime prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use by teenagers is declining, many continue to initiate substance use, and levels of problematic use remain high (e.g., Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2005). Adolescent substance use is a public health concern due to its association with physical injury, suicide, homicide, and other negative consequences (e.g., Sells & Blum, 1996). Further, an earlier onset of substance use is associated with adult diagnoses of alcohol and drug dependence (Grant & Dawson, 1998).Many studies have examined the parental role in the development of substance abuse and dependence (e.g., Curran & Chassin, 1996;Dobkin, Tremblay, & Sacchitelle, 1997;Kafka & London, 1991). Overall, parental factors seem to have a prominent role in the initiation and escalation of adolescent substance use and abuse. For example, evidence indicates that adolescent substance abuse is positively associated with parental substance abuse (e.g., Harford, Haack, & Spiegler, 1987;Velleman & Orford, 1993) and negatively associated with parental monitoring (e.g., Dishion, Patterson, & Reid, 1988;Reifman, Barnes, Dintcheff, Farrell, & Uhteg, 1998;Steinberg, Fletcher, & Darling, 1994 modify their parenting practices when they learn their child is using substances, and the changes can lead to reduced adolescent substance use (e.g., Duncan, 1978;Stice & Barrera, 1995). Therefore, the level of accurate information parents possess regarding whether, and how heavily their adolescent is using substances, is important. Further, data on the predictors of increased parent-adolescent agreement may be informative in the development of parent training programs, and in research accounts that...