Psychometric Evaluation of the MENQOL Instrument in Women Experiencing Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause

Abstract

Introduction Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause can negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire has been developed to assess QOL specific to menopause. The objective of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties, sensitivity to change, and clinically meaningful within-patient change of the MENQOL using data from the fezolinetant SKYLIGHT 1 and 2 studies in individuals with VMS. Methods Individuals aged ≥ 40 to ≤ 65 years with moderate-to-severe VMS (≥ seven hot flashes/day) were enrolled. In addition to MENQOL, eight patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures were used for the psychometric evaluation. All PRO assessments were completed at weeks 4 and 12 during the treatment period, and most were completed at baseline. Psychometric analyses included factor analysis and reliability, construct validity, and sensitivity to change assessments. The within-patient threshold for a clinically meaningful change in MENQOL was derived. Results In total, 1022 individuals were included from SKYLIGHT 1 and 2. Mean MENQOL total score at baseline was 4.30, improving to 3.16 at week 12. The confirmatory factor analysis supported established MENQOL domain structure, including the overall score. The internal consistency of the MENQOL overall and domain scores was supported using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, and MENQOL construct validity was supported for overall and domain scores. Item-to-item and item-total correlations were generally sufficient, and moderate test–retest reliability was noted. The scales against which construct validity and responsiveness for MENQOL domains were examined were moderately related to the MENQOL domains in general, providing additional support for acceptable measurement properties of MENQOL in this population. A reduction in MENQOL overall score of ≥ 0.9 points was identified as responding to treatment (a clinically important threshold). Thresholds of 2.0 points for the vasomotor domain and 0.9 for the psychosocial domain were estimated, in addition to distribution-based threshold estimates of 0.8 and 1.2 for the physical and sexual domains, respectively. Conclusions The psychometric properties of the MENQOL overall and domain scores support use of this instrument to capture experiences among individuals with moderate-to-severe VMS associated with menopause and assess related endpoints in clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT04003155 and NCT04003142. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-024-02787-z.