Psychometric evaluation of the sleep hygiene index: a sample of patients with chronic pain

Abstract

BackgroundSleep Hygiene Index (SHI) was designed to assess sleep hygiene. Although the SHI has shown adequate psychometric properties in a nonclinical sample, it has not been validated in a sample with chronic pain. Also, its factor structure, measurement error, and incremental validity over and above other factors affecting sleep quality have not been investigated in a nonclinical sample. Thus, this present study aimed to extend prior psychometric investigation of the SHI. Specifically, we evaluated the factor structure, measurement error, and incremental validity as well as the reliabilities and concurrent validity of the SHI in a sample with chronic pain.MethodsA total of 161 patients seeking treatment in a tertiary pain center located in Seoul, Korea participated. To explore the factor structure of the SHI, we performed an exploratory factor analysis using principal component with varimax. Cronbach’s alphas and intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to investigate internal consistency and 2-week test-retest stability of the SHI, respectively. Measurement error was estimated using standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change (MDC) of the SHI. For concurrent validity, Pearson correlations were calculated to examine the relations between the SHI and outcome measures including background variables. Also for incremental validity, a hierarchical multiple regression was performed in relation to sleep quality.ResultsResults indicated that two-factor solution is most appropriate; sleep disturbing behavior and environment (B/E) and irregular sleep-wake schedule. Results also showed that the internal consistencies and test–retest stability estimates of the SHI were deemed acceptable. At the 95% confidence level, the MDCs were 5.75 for ‘sleep disturbing B/E,’ 3.65 for ‘irregular sleep-wake schedule,’ and 7.49 points for total. The SHI was significantly correlated with age, depression, pain-related anxiety, and sleep quality. Also, sleep quality was significantly predicted by the irregular sleep-wake schedule subscale of the SHI, over and above background variables, pain intensity, depression, pain-related anxiety.ConclusionsThe SHI has the reliability, measurement error, and concurrent and incremental validity support for assessing sleep hygiene in a sample with chronic pain.

Psychometric properties of the persian version of sleep hygiene index in the general population

“…The first two instruments have been found to have relatively low internal consistency compared to the SHI (Cronbach's alphas = 0.47 for the SHAPS, 0.54 for the SHST and 0.66 for the SHI). Moreover, SHAPS and SHST appear to have been developed with absence of clear rationale for item selection (11,16), while the SHI was developed from the diagnostic criteria for inadequate sleep hygiene as described in the ICSD (12,15). The SHI has shown moderate internal consistency and good twoweek test-retest stability (r = 0.71, P < .001), and was associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a nonclinical sample (11).…”

“…The SHI has shown moderate internal consistency and good twoweek test-retest stability (r = 0.71, P < .001), and was associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a nonclinical sample (11). The SHI had adequate validity and reliability in a sample of patients with chronic pain in Korea (16) and also among clinical and non-clinical Turkish samples (3). However, there is a lack of measurement of reliability and validity of SHI in the Iranian population.…”

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Sleep Hygiene Index in the General Population

“…The first two instruments have been found to have relatively low internal consistency compared to the SHI (Cronbach’s alphas = 0.47 for the SHAPS, 0.54 for the SHST and 0.66 for the SHI). Moreover, SHAPS and SHST appear to have been developed with absence of clear rationale for item selection (11, 16), while the SHI was developed from the diagnostic criteria for inadequate sleep hygiene as described in the ICSD (12, 15). The SHI has shown moderate internal consistency and good two-week test-retest stability (r = 0.71, P < .001), and was associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a nonclinical sample (11).…”

“…The SHI has shown moderate internal consistency and good two-week test-retest stability (r = 0.71, P < .001), and was associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a nonclinical sample (11). The SHI had adequate validity and reliability in a sample of patients with chronic pain in Korea (16) and also among clinical and non-clinical Turkish samples (3). However, there is a lack of measurement of reliability and validity of SHI in the Iranian population.…”

Sleep quality, sleep habits, and chronotypes of medical interns at the beginning of their training

“…The total score ranges from 0 to 52, with a higher score representing poorer sleep hygiene. [18][19][20] …”