Psychometric evaluation of the Texas revised inventory of grief in a sample of bereaved family caregivers

Holm, Maja; Alvariza, Anette; Fürst, Carl Johan; Öhlén, Joakim; Årestedt, Kristofer

doi:10.1002/nur.21886

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Subsequent grief was assessed using the revised Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG). This measures the intensity of grief after the death of a close person and has two scales: TRIG I (past behaviours when patient died, eight items) and TRIG II (present feelings, referred to as subsequent grief in this study, 13 items) [ 29 – 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between informal care costs, care quality, carer rewards, burden and subsequent grief: the international, access, rights and empowerment mortality follow-back study of the last 3 months of life (IARE I study)

Higginson

Johnston

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background At the end of life, formal care costs are high. Informal care (IC) costs, and their effects on outcomes, are not known. This study aimed to determine the IC costs for older adults in the last 3 months of life, and their relationships with outcomes, adjusting for care quality. Methods Mortality follow-back postal survey. Setting: Palliative care services in England (London), Ireland (Dublin) and the USA (New York, San Francisco). Participants: Informal carers (ICrs) of decedents who had received palliative care. Data: ICrs reported hours and activities, care quality, positive aspects and burdens of caregiving, and completed the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG). Analysis: All costs (formal, informal) were calculated by multiplying reported hours of activities by country-specific costs for that activity. IC costs used country-specific shadow prices, e.g. average hourly wages and unit costs for nursing care. Multivariable logistic regression analysis explored the association of potential explanatory variables, including IC costs and care quality, on three outcomes: positive aspects and burdens of caregiving, and subsequent grief. Results We received 767 completed surveys, 245 from London, 282 Dublin, 131 New York and 109 San Francisco. Most respondents were women (70%); average age was 60 years. On average, patients received 66–76 h per week from ICrs for ‘being on call’, 52–55 h for ICrs being with them, 19–21 h for personal care, 17–21 h for household tasks, 15–18 h for medical procedures and 7–10 h for appointments. Mean (SD) IC costs were as follows: USA $32,468 (28,578), England $36,170 (31,104) and Ireland $43,760 (36,930). IC costs accounted for 58% of total (formal plus informal) costs. Higher IC costs were associated with less grief and more positive perspectives of caregiving. Poor home care was associated with greater caregiver burden. Conclusions Costs to informal carers are larger than those to formal care services for people in the last three months of life. If well supported ICrs can play a role in providing care, and this can be done without detriment to them, providing that they are helped. Improving community palliative care and informal carer support should be a focus for future investment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between informal care costs, care quality, carer rewards, burden and subsequent grief: the international, access, rights and empowerment mortality follow-back study of the last 3 months of life (IARE I study)

Higginson

Johnston

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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“…Lower scores indicate more intense grief reactions. The scale has shown satisfactory psychometric properties in family caregivers to patients in palliative care [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric evaluation of the anticipatory grief scale in a sample of family caregivers in the context of palliative care

Holm

Alvariza

Fürst

et al. 2019

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Introduction In palliative care, family caregivers are often faced with experiences of grief in anticipation of the loss of a close person. An instrument designed to measure this form of grief is the Anticipatory Grief Scale, which includes 27 items and has been used in several studies in various contexts. However, the instrument has not been validated. Aim The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties, focusing on the factor structure, of the Anticipatory Grief Scale in a sample of family caregivers in palliative care. Methods The study had a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from an intervention study in palliative home care that took place between 2013 and 2014. In total, 270 family caregivers in palliative care completed a baseline questionnaire, including the Anticipatory Grief Scale. The factor structure of the scale was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. Results The initial factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution, but, due to weak communalities, extensive crossloadings, and item inconsistencies, the model was problematic. Further analysis supported that the scale should be reduced to 13 items and two factors. The two subscales captured the behavioral and emotional reactions of grief in family caregivers in palliative care and were named Behavioral reactions and Emotional reactions. This modified version will hereafter be named AGS-13. Conclusions This validation study of the Anticipatory Grief Scale resulted in a revised two-factor model, AGS-13, that appears to be promising for use in palliative care but needs to be tested further.

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“…Following written informed consent, research assistants collected sociodemographic information and bereavement history from trial participants. Trial participants also completed three psychosocial measures at baseline, then at 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) post randomization: the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) 33 a screening tool for mental health, the Medical Outcomes Study -Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) 34 which measures social support and the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG) 35,36 which measures intensity of a person's grief. A question also asked if the participant had contact with anyone within the other geographical cluster.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Bereavement Outcomes in Zimbabwe: Results of a Feasibility Cluster Trial of the 9-Cell Bereavement Tool

Mutedzi¹,

Nkhoma

Langhaug

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ContextDespite high mortality rates from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, bereavement studies are under-researched in African countries. The 9-cell bereavement tool was designed to assist individuals to reflect on their feelings in bereavement, and identify resources in families and communities to manage bereavement. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of implementing the 9-cell bereavement tool and recruitment to experimental evaluation. Methods: A feasibility cluster randomized trial with embedded qualitative interviews was conducted in two comparable neighborhoods in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. Community leaders identified potential community lay bereavement supporters (interventionists). Each recruited 2-3 recently bereaved community members (trial participants). Following baseline data collection, the communities were randomly allocated to intervention or wait-list control. Self-administered questionnaires were completed at T0 (month 0), T1(3 months) and T2 (6 months). Grief, mental health and social support were assessed. Focus group discussions with selected interventionists described training impact and intervention processes. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were performed. ResultsObjectives were achieved as follows(i) feasibility of recruitment and retention (ii) feasibility of implementing the intervention (iii) determining contamination(iv) completeness of data(v) participants’ views on intervention and mechanisms(vi) estimating potential effect size (vii) determining whether full trial warranted. In line with the aim of the study, the processes of the randomized cluster trial were possible. We successfully conducted the randomized control trial of the 9-cell bereavement tool and successfully recruited study participants. In addition, the 9-cell intervention allowed interventionists to share and learn from their grieving process. All of the above was conducted within the intended timeframe of 3 weeks, with an over recruitment of 112% of interventionists and 43% more trial participants. This means we were able to recruit at least 75% of the suggested sample size; and to retain at least 75% of the trial participants for the total duration of the study. Conclusion The processes of the randomized controlled trial were possible. The 9-cell bereavement intervention was delivered and process data assessed. The study was funded through the BuildCARE fund from the Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation Protocol Registration: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16484746.Protocol Publication: https://pilotfeasibilitystudies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40814-019-0450-5

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Psychometric evaluation of the Texas revised inventory of grief in a sample of bereaved family caregivers

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Associations between informal care costs, care quality, carer rewards, burden and subsequent grief: the international, access, rights and empowerment mortality follow-back study of the last 3 months of life (IARE I study)

Associations between informal care costs, care quality, carer rewards, burden and subsequent grief: the international, access, rights and empowerment mortality follow-back study of the last 3 months of life (IARE I study)

Psychometric evaluation of the anticipatory grief scale in a sample of family caregivers in the context of palliative care

Improving Bereavement Outcomes in Zimbabwe: Results of a Feasibility Cluster Trial of the 9-Cell Bereavement Tool

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