“…The scale was validated in adolescents and young adults populations and has shown good reliability and also a predictive value in longitudinal studies [ 24 ]. The scale has demonstrated high intercultural validity and reliability, and is adapted for different languages, including French [ 24 – 26 ], English [ 9 , 24 , 26 ], Irish [ 24 ], German [ 24 ], Dutch [ 27 ], Bulgarian [ 28 ], Spainish [ 29 , 30 ], Turkish [ 31 ], and others. However, only few studies included patients with clinical diagnosis of addiction [ 28 , 32 , 33 ].…”