Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) in the Swedish setting

Abstract

The Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) is a non-binary tool used in Sweden for gender dysphoria (GD) assessment; however, its Swedish version has not been validated. To investigate the psychometric properties of the TCS, its capacity to distinguish individuals with GD and its concurrent validity compared to other scales. Patients with GD (n = 135) and controls (n = 443) filled in a questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions, the TCS, the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale (UGDS), and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA). TCS had good discriminatory validity and internal consistency. Patients with GD, stratified by birth-assigned sex, had lower TCS scores compared to controls. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor model of the TCS. Multiple-group CFA suggested measurement invariance between birth-assigned sexes and configural invariance between patients with GD and controls. Area under the ROC curve for birth-assigned males was 0.991 and for females 0.994. A TCS mean value of three provided sensitivity 94.3% and 95.1% as well as specificity 98.6% and 98% for aM and aF, respectively. The TCS was significantly correlated to UGDS and GIDYQ-AA. The TCS may be a valuable tool in the clinical assessment of individuals with GD.

The relationship between distress tolerance and symptoms of depression: Validation of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and short‐form (DTS‐SF)

“…Thus, given the role of DT in depression it may explain why the DTS and DTS‐SF do not function unvaryingly between different subgroups that differ in depression symptomatology. This result of variance is also in line with previous research, whereby nonscalar invariance is not uncommon between clinical and nonclinical populations, particularly for scales that assess specific psychological constructs (Costa et al, 2014 ; Iliadis et al, 2020 ; Ito et al, 2015 ). Overall, these results provide useful information regarding the factor structure, and generalizability of the DTS and DTS‐SF in individuals with varying levels of depression.…”

Gender congruence and mental health problems among Chinese transgender and gender non‐conforming individuals: A process model involving rumination and stigma consciousness

“…TGNC individuals usually engage in social or medical/physical transition to align external aspects of their self with their gender identity. Given the found relationship between these gender affirming procedures and gender congruence and well‐being (Iliadis et al, 2020; Kozee et al, 2012; Owen‐Smith et al, 2018), we included transition status as a covariate in the present study. TGNC individuals' transition status was measured by a single item (Budge et al, 2013).…”