Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in an Italian coronary heart disease population

Bolgeo, Tatiana; Matteo, Roberta Di; Simonelli, Niccolò; Molin, Alberto Dal; Lusignani, Maura; Bassola, Barbara; Vellone, Ercole; Maconi, Antonio; Iovino, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.140

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, both depression and anxiety symptoms are part of the same mood disorder category, share a common domain of negative affect, and share a cognitive process with negative bias in information processing. This nds con rmation in other research utilising these tools [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Association Between Symptoms of Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder evaluated through PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and anti-obesity treatment in Polish Adult Women

Witaszek,

Kłoda,

Mastalerz-Migas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose Obesity impacts mental health greatly. Psychological factors may influence the effectiveness of its treatment. This study aimed to compare symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder and depression among adult women across different weight categories. We examined the associations between PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaire scores, the use of anti-obesity medications, and former bariatric surgery. We hypothesised that higher BMI would correlate with higher questionnaires’ scores, and that anti-obesity medication usage and bariatric surgery status would impact them. Methods The sample consisted of 1,105 adult women. The Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) utilising the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. Results Both GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.121, p < 0.001 and r = 0.173, p < 0.001, respectively), and negatively with age (r=-0.106, p < 0.001 and r=-0.103, p < 0.001, respectively). Patients undergoing treatment with semaglutide scored lower for both anxiety symptoms (8.71 ± 6.16, p = 0.013) and depression symptoms (9.76 ± 6.37, p = 0.013). Women who underwent bariatric surgery screened less frequently for anxiety (8.03 ± 6.27, p = 0.002) but not for depression. Conclusion An interdisciplinary approach involving mental health professionals within the therapeutic team can comprehensively address factors contributing to obesity development and treatment outcomes. More investigation of semaglutide's use is needed, due to the promising evidence suggesting a positive effect on decreasing the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, to assess the direct or indirect character of this influence. The link between bariatric surgery and mental health status requires more research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Association Between Symptoms of Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder evaluated through PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and anti-obesity treatment in Polish Adult Women

Witaszek,

Kłoda,

Mastalerz-Migas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Both English and Chinese version of GAD-7 have been validated 39 40. Furthermore, GAD-7 can stably measure anxiety associated with CHD (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.89; composite reliability index, 0.90) 41…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety symptom network structure among patients with coronary heart disease and association with quality of life: protocol for a multicentre cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal study

He,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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BackgroundAnxiety and depression are critical mental health problems among persons with coronary heart disease (CHD). The range of symptoms is an important stressor for adverse cardiovascular events, and these symptoms can be involved in various ways during the course of CHD. However, the characteristics and mechanisms of comorbidity between the two mental states from the viewpoint of symptom interactions in patients with CHD remain unclear. Therefore, we aim to apply a symptom-oriented approach to identify core and bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression in a population with CHD and to identify differences in network structure over time and symptomatic link profiles.Methods and analysisWe designed a multicentre, cross-sectional, longitudinal study of anxiety and depression symptoms among patients with CHD. We will evaluate degrees of symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the WHO Quality of Life-Brief version. Patients will be followed up for 1, 3 and 6 months after baseline measurements. We will analyse and interpret network structures using R software and its packages. The primary outcomes of interest will include centrality, bridge connections, estimates, differences in network structures and profiles of changes over time. The secondary outcome measures will be the stability and accuracy of the network. By combining cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, this study should elucidate the central and potential causative pathways among anxiety and depression symptom networks as well as their temporal stability in patients with CHD.Ethics and disseminationThe project conforms to the ethical principles enshrined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 amendment) and all local ethical guidelines. The ethics committee at the University of South China approved the study (Approval ID: 2023-USC-HL-414). The findings will be published and presented at conferences for widespread dissemination.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300075813.

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“…The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) [ 41 , 42 ] is a 7-item, 4-point rating scale developed to assess how frequently the patient has experienced seven anxiety symptoms during the last two weeks: [ 1 ] feeling nervous or anxious; [ 2 ] being able to stop or control worrying; [ 3 ] worrying too much about different things; [ 4 ] difficulty relaxing; [ 5 ] being restless; [ 6 ] feeling easily annoyed or irritable; and [ 7 ] feeling frightened as if something terrible might happen. The response options are not at all (score = 0), several days (score = 1), more than half of the days (score = 2), and nearly every day (score = 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PsyCARE study: assessing impact, cost-effectiveness, and transdiagnostic factors of the Italian ministry of health’s “psychological bonus” policy

Benzi,

Compare,

Tona

et al. 2023

BMC Psychol

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Background The prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders is surging worldwide, prompting a pressing demand for psychological interventions, especially in less severe cases. Responding to this need, the Italian government implemented the “Psychological Bonus” (PB) policy, allotting 25 million euros for mental health support. This policy entitles individuals to a minimum of four to twelve psychological sessions. In collaboration with the National Board of Italian Psychologists, our study assesses this policy’s effectiveness. Indeed, the PsyCARE study aims to examine the utilization of the Psychological Bonus, evaluate its impact on adult and adolescent participants’ psychological well-being through pre- and post-intervention assessments and six-month follow-up, and conduct a longitudinal cost-effectiveness analysis of this policy. A secondary aim is to investigate the influence of these interventions on transdiagnostic factors, including emotion regulation and epistemic trust. Methods The study involves licensed psychotherapists and their patients, both adults and adolescents, benefiting from the Psychological Bonus. Data collection is underway and set to conclude in December 2023. Psychotherapists will provide diagnostic information and assess patient functioning. In addition, patients will be evaluated on mental health aspects such as clinical symptoms, emotion regulation, epistemic trust, and quality of life. We will employ linear mixed-effects models to analyze the outcomes, accounting for both fixed and random effects to capture the hierarchical structure of the data. Discussion We anticipate the study’s findings will highlight reduced psychological distress and improved quality of life for participants and demonstrate the Psychological Bonus policy’s cost-effectiveness. The study will gather data on the role of specific versus nonspecific therapeutic factors in psychotherapy while adopting a patient-tailored approach to identify effective therapeutic elements and examine transdiagnostic factors. Overall, this study’s findings will guide future measures within the Italian healthcare system, fostering a psychological health culture and providing valuable insights to the broader public. Study registration https://osf.io/6zk2j

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Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in an Italian coronary heart disease population

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Association Between Symptoms of Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder evaluated through PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and anti-obesity treatment in Polish Adult Women

Association Between Symptoms of Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder evaluated through PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and anti-obesity treatment in Polish Adult Women

Depression and anxiety symptom network structure among patients with coronary heart disease and association with quality of life: protocol for a multicentre cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal study

PsyCARE study: assessing impact, cost-effectiveness, and transdiagnostic factors of the Italian ministry of health’s “psychological bonus” policy

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