To get the COVID-19 pandemic under control, many countries have imposed lockdown measures or remote schooling. This study assessed mental health in high school students aged 14 to 20 years after 1 semester of attending school remotely and almost a year of social distancing in Austria.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. 1 This study follows the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) reporting guideline. This cross-sectional study was supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, which informed and invited all schools to participate. Adolescents were recruited to be representative by region. Participants had to agree to the data protection declaration to start the survey, which served as electronic informed consent. Well-being (assessed with the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index [WHO-5] 2 ), depressive symptoms (assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] 3 ), anxiety symptoms (assessed with the General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] 4 ), sleep quality (assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] 5 ), and disordered eating (assessed with the Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8] 6 ) were assessed via an online survey open from February 3 to February 28, 2021 (eMethods in the Supplement). Smartphone use and its association with mental health were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 26 (IBM).Descriptive statistics, t tests, χ 2 tests, and univariate analysis of variance were computed. Effect sizes are shown as Hedge g or η 2 . P values were 2-tailed, and statistical significance was set at P = .05.