Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese military personnel

Abstract

BackgroundThe 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) is a widely used assessment of resilience. However, psychometric properties of the Chinese version of CD-RISC-10 have not been well investigated in a Chinese military personnel sample.MethodsA total of 3,129 Chinese military personnel completed the CD-RISC-10, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Among them, 528 recruits completed the CD-RISC-10, SAS, and SDS again after 3-month basic military training (BMT). Meanwhile, the commanding officers were asked to rate recruits' training performance on the training performance rating scale for recruits (TPRS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was implemented to examine the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10, and multigroup CFA was conducted to test measurement invariance across military rank (officers vs. enlisted), gender (male vs. female), and time (before and after 3-month BMT). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω, and test–retest reliability was tested using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The criterion-related validity of CD-RISC was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis between the CD-RISC-10 total score and SAS scores, SDS scores, and training performance ratings.ResultsThe single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.955–0.970, TLI = 0.943–0.962, RMSEA = 0.059–0.072) in all examined subsamples (male, female, officer, and enlisted), and strict invariance was also supported across military rank, gender, and time (ΔCFI ≤ 0.001, ΔTLI ≤ 0.005, ΔRMSEA ≤ 0.006). The CD-RISC-10 showed good internal consistency in all subsamples (Cronbach's α of > 0.93 and McDonald's ω of > 0.93) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). Moreover, concurrent and predictive validity with the SAS and SDS scores were good (r = −0.68 to −0.49, p < 0.001). The resilience level of recruits at the beginning of BMT was significantly associated with training performance rated by supervisors after training (r = 0.29, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe psychometric evidence reported in this study suggests that the CD-RISC-10 is a reliable and valid assessment of resilience and a potential predictor for mental health and military performance in Chinese military personnel.

Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) in a Sample of Nurses

“…The results of our CFA are consistent with the findings of other studies confirming the single-factor model of the tool. Numerous studies support our finding that the CD-RISC-10 is a unidimensional tool for measuring resilience [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Our study investigated, for the first time, the validity of the CD-RISC-10 using a sample of nurses.…”

“…Afterwards, several studies examined the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC-10 in different populations, settings, and cultures. In particular, Tu et al confirmed the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 in a Chinese military personnel sample [ 50 ]. Also, they found that the CD-RISC-10 had good concurrent and predictive validity using an anxiety and depression scale [ 50 ].…”

“…In particular, Tu et al confirmed the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 in a Chinese military personnel sample [ 50 ]. Also, they found that the CD-RISC-10 had good concurrent and predictive validity using an anxiety and depression scale [ 50 ]. Several other studies confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of the CD-RISC-10 [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

“…Also, they found that the CD-RISC-10 had good concurrent and predictive validity using an anxiety and depression scale [ 50 ]. Several other studies confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of the CD-RISC-10 [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Furthermore, the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 is strongly supported since it has been found in studies on different countries (e.g., the USA, the UK, China, France, Spain, Iran, and Nigeria) with different study populations (e.g., healthy individuals, chronic patients, young adults, and older adults).…”

“…Furthermore, the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 is strongly supported since it has been found in studies on different countries (e.g., the USA, the UK, China, France, Spain, Iran, and Nigeria) with different study populations (e.g., healthy individuals, chronic patients, young adults, and older adults). Additionally, a considerable number of studies have suggested that CD-RISC-10 has good convergent criteria and divergent validity when using a variety of tools measuring social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, mastery, mental health, depression, and anxiety [ 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. For instance, Neyer et al found a strong positive correlation (r = 0.78) between CD-RISC-10 and another tool that measures resilience, namely, the 14-item Resilience Scale [ 55 ].…”